民用飞机地面方向控制架构综述  

Review on controlling direction on ground for civil aircraft architecture

作　　者：王永杰 汤超[1] 张莘艾[1] 杨鹏[1] WANG Yongjie;TANG Chao;ZHANG Xin’ai;YANG Peng(Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute,Shanghai 201210,China)

机构地区：[1]上海飞机设计研究院,上海201210

出　　处：《民用飞机设计与研究》2023年第3期28-36,共9页Civil Aircraft Design & Research

摘　　要：地面方向控制是飞机一项重要的综合性功能,在设计过程中需要从飞机顶层出发开展架构设计,其架构的优劣直接影响到飞机的竞争力和安全性。首先,开展地面方向控制功能运行场景分析,该功能一般在推出/牵引和启动、滑出、起飞、着陆和滑入阶段运行,在不同的场景所采用的地面方向控制方式不同。其次,对比分析波音737、A320、波音787及A350四款主流机型的地面方向控制架构,发现A350在控制方式上与其他机型有较大不同,新增刹车踏板控制前轮转弯、刹车踏板控制方向舵、转弯手轮控制差动刹车、脚蹬控制差动刹车的控制方式。之后,分析民用飞机地面方向控制架构设计要点,认为在地面方向控制架构设计过程中应重点考虑脚蹬卡阻/失效及方向舵卡阻/失效场景,使设计结果满足适航要求。最后,对3种地面方向控制方式进行了权衡分析,并给定了一种推荐的地面方向控制方式。Controlling direction on ground is an essential and comprehensive function of aircraft,and architectural design needs to be carry out from the top level of the aircraft during the design process.The quality of its architecture directly affects the competitiveness and safety of the aircraft.Firstly,a scenario analysis of this function was carried out,which generally operated during tow,taxi out,takeoff,landing and taxi in.The different ways of controlling direction on ground were used in different scenarios.Secondly,by comparing and analyzing the controlling direction on ground of four mainstream aircraft types,Boeing 737,A320,Boeing 787 and A350,it was found that A350 has significant differences in control methods compared to the other types,with the addition of the control modes of nose wheel steering through brake pedal,rudder deflection through brake pedal,differential braking through tiller and differential braking through rudder pedal.Thirdly,the main points of civil aircraft architecture design were analyzed,and it was believed that the scenarios of rudder pedals jam/failure and rudder jam/failure should be considered in the process of the architecture design,so that the design result meet the airworthiness requirements.Finally,three kinds of controlling methods were traded off,and a recommended controlling method was given.

关 键 词：地面方向控制 民用飞机 飞机架构 

分 类 号：V221.7[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] V37