不同遮光处理对黑木耳菌丝抗氧化及子实体生长发育的影响  

Effects of different shading treatment on antioxidant activities and growth of basidiomata of Auricularia heimuer

作　　者：潘年港 刘凌云 朱姝蕊 程国辉[1] 王辛 张兆娟 李长田[1] PAN Niangang;LIU Lingyun;ZHU Shurui;CHENG Guohui;WANG Xin;ZHANG Zhaojuan;LI Changtian(Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学食药用菌教育部工程研究中心,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《菌物学报》2023年第9期1953-1965,共13页Mycosystema

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000300);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-20)。

摘　　要：黑木耳Auricularia heimuer全日光栽培模式下,在出耳期持续的光照刺激使菌丝处在不适宜的生长环境。本研究采用不同遮光程度的黑菌袋,设置CK(正常菌袋,0%遮光)、T1(50%遮光)、T2(70%遮光)和T3(90%遮光)共4个处理,分析黑木耳菌丝在不同遮光程度下对黑木耳子实体的农艺性状、营养品质和菌丝相关酶活性的变化。结果显示,在遮光处理下黑木耳原基形成时间相对缩短、出耳整齐、未出芽数减少,各处理第一茬产量呈显著性差异,CK处理为22.09 g,T1处理为25.20 g,T2处理为25.35 g,T3处理为25.58 g;遮光处理下不同时期菌丝的漆酶、羧甲基纤维素酶、半纤维素酶及淀粉酶活性显著高于CK处理,在采收期木质素、纤维素和半纤维的含量低,同时保持着较高的超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase activity,CAT)活性,丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的含量低,缓解了对机体的损伤,与CK处理呈显著性差异,其中T1处理和T2处理表现较好;遮光处理下子实体的粗蛋白含量、氨基酸含量较高,CK处理的粗脂肪含量较高,各处理存在差异。本研究重点讨论黑木耳菌丝在出耳期持续光照胁迫对子实体生长发育的影响,为黑木耳栽培提供一种更高效的栽培方式。Continuous light stimulation during early fruiting stage of full sun-cultivated Auricularia heimuer results in an unsuitable growth environment of the mycelia.In this study,four shading treatments,CK(normal cultivation bag,0%shading),T1(50%shading),T2(70%shading)and T3(90%shading),were set up to analyze the agronomic traits,nutritional quality and mycelial-related enzyme activities of A.heimuer basidiomata under different shading conditions.The results showed that under shading treatment,the primordium formation time of A.heimuer was relatively shortened;the basidiomata were neat,and the unfruitful percentage was reduced.The yield of the first harvest of CK treatment was 22.09 g per cultivation bag,T1 treatment 25.20 g,T2 treatment 25.35 g,and T3 treatment 25.58 g.The activities of laccase,carboxymethylcellulase,hemicellulase and amylase of mycelia at different growth stages under shading treatment were significantly higher than those of CK treatment,and the content of lignin,cellulose and semi-fiber was low during the harvest period,while superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)maintained high activity,and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)was low,alleviating the damage to basidiomata.In comparison with CK treatment,T1 treatment and T2 treatment showed better.The crude protein content and amino acid content of basidiomata were relatively high under shading treatment,while the crude fat content of basidiomata of CK treatment was relatively high.This study might provides valuable data for efficient cultivation of A.heimuer.

关 键 词：黑木耳 菌丝遮光 黑菌袋 酶活性 营养品质 

分 类 号：S646.6[农业科学—蔬菜学]