图像灰度和相位信息耦合的化铣胶膜刻型三维测量方法  

3D measurement of chemical milling plastic film pattern by coupling image grayscale and phase information

作　　者：张攀 汪勇 钟凯[1] 蒋建军 杨武飞 李中伟[1,3] ZHANG Pan;WANG Yong;ZHONG Kai;JIANG Jianjun;YANG Wufei;LI Zhongwei(State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die&Mould Technology,School of Materials Science and Engi-neering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China;Chengdu Aircraft Industrial(Group)Co.Ltd.Chengdu 610000,China;Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen,Shenzhen 518063,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院材料成形与模具国家重点实验室,武汉430074 [2]成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司,成都610000 [3]深圳华中科技大学研究院,深圳518063

出　　处：《航空学报》2023年第17期299-312,共14页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：深圳市基础研究面上项目(JCYJ20210324142007022);湖北省重点研发计划(2021BAA049,2021BAA204)。

摘　　要：航空航天等薄壁类金属结构件化铣过程中需进行多次刻型以生成凸台、筋条等结构。对其加工图案进行三维测量,不仅可检验加工精度,还可为轨迹规划、刻型工艺等参数优化提供基础数据,是保证化铣零件制造质量的关键技术。现有检测方法主要有人工模板比对、被动双目重建、三维点云分析等,可实现轮廓尺寸等基础参数检测,但在测量精度与完整性上仍存在较大问题。针对此,在结构光与被动双目三维测量的基础上,提出了一种耦合灰度-相位变化信息的化铣胶膜刻型三维测量方法。首先,分析刻型图案邻近区域灰度-相位变化特征,构建对应数学模型;然后,在此基础上,提出耦合左右相机灰度-相位信息的snake模型(Gray-Phase snake, GP snake),实现刻型图案中心线的高精度提取,克服灰度变化不均匀、左右相机视角不一致等因素导致中心线提取不精准的难题;最后,基于相位信息实现轮廓三维重建,解决传统方法上下边缘处重建不完整的问题,保证刻型图案测量的精度与稳定性。实验结果表明,所提方法可以实现化铣胶膜刻型图案中心线的完整三维重建,精度达0.036 mm。In the field of aerospace,multiple engravings for thin-walled metal structural parts are required to generate structures such as bosses and ribs during the chemical milling process.The 3D measurement of the processing pat⁃tern can not only evaluate the processing accuracy,but also provide basic data for parameter optimization such as tra⁃jectory planning and engraving process,which therefore,is a key technology to ensure the manufacturing quality of chemical milling parts.The existing measurement methods mainly include manual template comparison,passive bin⁃ocular reconstruction,and 3D point cloud analysis,which can realize the detection of basic parameters like contour size;however,there are still some major problems in measurement accuracy and integrity.To solve these problems,on the basis of structured light and passive binocular 3D measurement,this paper proposes a 3D measurement method based on gray-phase change information for chemical milling glue film.Firstly,the gray-phase change charac⁃teristics of the engraved pattern’s adjacent area is analyzed to construct the corresponding mathematical model.Then,on this basis,a snake model based on the gray-phase information(Gray-Phase snake,GP snake)of the left and right camera images is proposed to realize the high-precision extraction of the center line of the engraved pattern,and overcome the problem of inaccurate centerline extraction caused by uneven grayscale changes and inconsistent viewing of the left and right cameras.Finally,the 3D reconstruction of the contour is realized according to the phase matching,which solves the problem of incomplete reconstruction at the upper and lower edges of the traditional method,and ensures the accuracy and stability of the pattern measurement.The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve the complete 3D reconstruction of the centerline of patterned adhesive films in chemical milling,with the high accuracy of 0.036 mm.

关 键 词：化铣刻型 三维轮廓测量 活动轮廓 结构光 精度检测 

分 类 号：V260.6[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]