“不/没怎么AP/VP”结构之词汇-句法界面研究  

A lexical-syntactic analysis of“buzenme/meizenme AP/VP”construction in Mandarin Chinese

作　　者：汪昌松[1] 蔡维天[2] WANG Changsong;TSAI W.-T.Dylan

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学外国语学院 [2]台湾清华大学语言学研究所,中国台湾

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2023年第4期448-463,共16页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：2023年国家社科基金一般项目“汉语代词语法限制的句法多重界面研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文主要从词汇-句法界面讨论普通话中的“不/没怎么AP/VP”结构,文章提出该结构中的部分否定义源自词汇性成分“不怎么、没怎么”,其语义与英文中的hardly和seldom类似。源于现代汉语的强分析性(Huang,2015),词内成分“不/没”与“怎么”一起在词汇层构成一个副词性成分“不/没怎么”,“不/没怎么”附加到动词/形容词/模态词短语上,指涉较低的频率或程度。文章首先对该结构的组成成分进行描写,挖掘这些成分在搭配上的一些选择限制;接着考察该结构中的疑问词提问限制和共现限制。文章提出“不/没怎么”在词库中带有两个语义特征:[+否定]和[+量]。在进行语法操作时,“不/没怎么”的[+否定]和[+量]特征与其后动词/形容词/模态词短语内的相关特征(如[+wh][+量])会产生阻断效应,违反相对近距原则(Rizzi,2004),从而使得相关句子不合语法。This paper explores the internal structure of“buzenme/meizenme AP/VP”construction in Mandarin Chinese.It is proposed that the partial negative meaning of this construction comes directly from a lexical element like“buzenme”or“meizenme”.Following Huang’s(2015)high analyticity analysis of Modern Mandarin Chinese,“buzenme/meizenme”,meaning like seldom and hardlyin English,is proposed to be formed at the lexical level via the merger of“bu/mei”and“zenme”.“Buzenme/meizenme”adjoins to VP/AdjP/ModalP,denoting either low frequency or low degree.The article first examines the elements involved in the structure and their selectional restrictions.Then grammatical restrictions like question formation and cooccurrence restrictions have been investigated.It is proposed that“buzenme/meizenme”bears two features in the lexicon,namely[+neg]and[+measure].The observed restrictions are due to a violation of feature-based Relativized Minimality(Rizzi,2004),in that the[+neg]and[+measure]features of“buzenme/meizenme”are forming blocking effects with the feature(s)(i.e.[+wh],[+measure])borne in VP/AP/ModalP.

关 键 词：“不怎么” “没怎么” 否定义 强分析性 相对近距原则 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]