逮捕措施适用条件反思与建构——从“一般逮捕”与“径行逮捕”展开  

The Reflection and Construction of Applicable Conditions of Arrest Measures——From“General Arrest”and“Direct Arrest”

作　　者：陈卫东 崔鲲鹏 CHEN Weidong;CUI Kunpeng

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心 [2]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》2023年第5期19-32,共14页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

摘　　要：近年来,随着刑事诉讼法与相关法律法规的不断完善,以及司法机关的积极作为,我国诉前羁押率显著下降,逮捕措施的适用基本实现了从“粗放式”向“优化型”的转变,“非羁押为原则,羁押为例外”的目标初步实现。然而,诉前羁押率下降的主因在于政策压力而非制度主导,政策与法律制度在时效性、稳定性上的差异等因素,均将影响到羁押率调控的长效性。为实现逮捕措施适用的精细化,应当回归制度主导,并从规范层面对逮捕措施适用条件予以完善。适用逮捕措施的刑罚条件,有必要提高到3年有期徒刑以上刑罚;社会危险性以推定方式证明,采优势证据标准;保安处分功能应从强制措施中分离;取消“可能判处10年有期徒刑以上刑罚”与“曾经故意犯罪”适用径行逮捕的规定。With the increasing improvements of the law and regulations of criminal procedure,and affirmative actions of the judiciary authorities,the pre-litigation detention rate in China has dropped significantly in recent years,and the application of arrest measures has basically achieved the transformation from the extensive mode to the optimized mode,making the goal of No detention as principle,detention as exception"be initially attained.However,the principal cause of the rate dropping of pre-litigation detention is policy pressure rather than institutional dominance.And the differences of policy and legal system appeared in the timeliness and stability would make negative influences on the long-lasting of control over the detention rate.For the realization of the refinement of pre-litigation detention rate,it is necessary to back to the institutional dominance,and to perfect the applicable conditions of arrest measures from the normative level.The penalty conditions for the application of arrest measures should be raised to more than three years'imprisonment;the social dangerousness should be proved by presumptive method,the preponderance evidence standard should be adopted;the security punishment function should be separated from the compulsory measures;the provisions of"may be sentenced to more than 10 years'imprisonment"and"ever intentional crime"should be deleted from application to direct arrest.

关 键 词：逮捕条件 社会危险性 一般逮捕 径行逮捕 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]