眼表微生物群及其与眼表疾病的关系  

Ocular surface microbiota and its relationship with ocular surface diseases

作　　者：孙晓雯(综述) 黄悦[1] 张晓敏(审校) Sun Xiaowen;Huang Yue;Zhang Xiaomin(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases,Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease,Eye Institute and School of Optometry,Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学眼科医院,天津医科大学眼视光学院天津医科大学眼科研究所,国家眼耳鼻喉疾病临床医学研究中心天津市分中心,天津市视网膜功能与疾病重点实验室,天津300384 [2]山东省日照市人民医院眼科,日照276800

出　　处：《中华实验眼科杂志》2023年第10期1038-1042,共5页Chinese Journal Of Experimental Ophthalmology

基　　金：天津市临床重点学科(专科)建设项目(TJLCZDXKM013)。

摘　　要：眼表直接暴露在外部环境中,容易受到各种抗原和病原体的影响,眼表微生物群参与免疫耐受、代谢和上皮屏障功能的调节。微生物组成在维持健康和疾病发生中都起着重要作用,微生物分布失衡可能导致某些疾病的发生。体内微生物的组成主要是细菌。在微生物组学研究中,最初主要集中在胃肠道、口腔、鼻腔、皮肤和泌尿生殖道5个部位。随着16S核糖体核糖核酸基因(16SrRNA)高通量测序及宏基因测序分子生物学检测技术的发展,眼表细菌群落与疾病的关系成为研究热点。眼表不同部位细菌群落的分布有一定差异,菌群存在也具有垂直分布的特点。年龄、性别、地理环境等因素对眼表菌群的组成和功能有一定影响,眼局部重复使用抗生素可增加眼表的耐药菌群。不同类型的干眼、角膜炎、睑缘炎等眼表疾病与眼表菌群的改变有一定关系。本文主要就正常眼表菌群的组成、分布、影响因素及眼表菌群与干眼、角膜炎、睑缘炎等眼表疾病的关系进行综述,以期为眼表疾病发生机制的研究提供新的认识,同时为眼表疾病的治疗提供指导依据。In direct contact with the external environment,the ocular surface is susceptible to multiple antigens and pathogens.Ocular microbial communities are involved in the regulation of immune tolerance,metabolism,and epithelial barrier function.The microbial composition of the human eye plays an important role in both health maintenance and disease development.It is increasingly evident that certain diseases are caused by imbalances in the microbiota.The human microbiome is complex and primarily consists of bacteria.The human microbiome has initially been studied in five major body regions,namely,gastrointestinal tract,nasal cavity,skin,urogenital tract,and oral mucosa.The relationship between the ocular surface bacterial community and disease has become one of the hot research topics with the development of high-throughput 16SrRNA sequencing and metagenomic shotgun sequencing in the past few years.Ocular surface microbiomes differ in different regions,and they also exhibit vertical distribution characteristics.In addition,several factors,such as age,gender,environment,and geography,may affect the composition of the ocular surface bacterial community.Repeated use of topical antibiotics could lead to increased antibiotic resistance of the ocular surface bacterial community.Ocular surface diseases such as different types of dry eye,keratitis and blepharitis are related to the changes in the ocular surface bacterial community.This article reviewed the composition,distribution,and influencing factors of the ocular surface bacterial community and its relationship with dry eye,keratitis,and blepharitis,providing new insights into the mechanisms of ocular surface disease and guidance for treatment.

关 键 词：微生物组学 细菌 干眼 角膜炎 睑缘炎 眼表疾病 

分 类 号：R77[医药卫生—眼科]