牟宗三美学思想的多重源流  

Research on the Multiple Sources of MOU Zongsan's Aesthetic Thought

作　　者：张海燕 ZHANG Haiyan(Schoolof Chinese Language and Literature/School of Journalism and Communication,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541004,Guangxi China)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学文学院,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《吉首大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期122-129,共8页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(21BZW071)。

摘　　要：牟宗三美学思想从发生论的视角上看存在多重源流。康德美学是其进行美学思考的直接原因,在思想源流中处于引领地位。康德美学是牟宗三进行美学思考的特定语境,其美学思想中的道德意识来源于对“四个契机”的分析,部分美学概念如审美超功利性等被保留在道德论美学之中。儒家道德论发挥了决定与主导的作用。就美学思想的整体来看,儒家道德论决定了牟宗三美学思考的线索与走向;从美学思想的局部构成来看,“道德良知”直接影响美学思想的结构及相关概念的厘定。通过在“道德良知”范阈之内解决沟通自然与自由二界的问题,审美活动成为道德世界的构成部分,由此改变了康德对审美独立自存性的强调和审美沟通二界的设置。自身学思的实践义对牟宗三美学思想的影响,表现为重视主体生命以及强调生命的现实性与包容性特征,以本体论和工夫论关系为进路突显中国哲学的实践性。牟宗三自身践行了构建美学理论任务的同时又留下部分未解议题。There are many sources in Mou Zongsan's aesthetic thought from the perspective of genealogy.Kant's aesthetics is the direct reason and the specific context for Mou Zongsan's aesthetic thought,which is in a leading position in his theoretical sources.The moral consciousness in Mou Zongsan's aesthetic thought originates from Kant's analysis of"four opportunities",and some of Kant's aesthetic concepts,such as aesthetic super-utility,are retained in Mou Zongsan's moral aesthetics.Confucian moral theory also plays a decisive and leading role.In terms of aesthetic thought as a whole,Confucian moral theory determines the clue and direction of Mou Zongsan's aesthetic thought;and from the local composition of aesthetic thought,"moral conscience"directly affects the structure of his aesthetic thought and the determination of related concepts.By solving the problem of communication between nature and freedom within the threshold of"moral conscience",aesthetic activity becomes a part of the moral world,thus changing Kant's setting of the two boundaries between emphasis on the self-existence of aesthetic independence and aesthetic communication.The influence of the practical meaning of one's own academic thought on Mou Zongsan's aesthetic thought is manifested in attaching importance to the subject life,emphasizing the realistic and inclusive characteristics of life,and taking the relationship between ontology and time theory as the approach to highlight the practicality of Chinese philosophy.While carrying out the task of constructing aesthetic theory,Mou Zongsan also left some unsolved issues at the same time.

关 键 词：牟宗三 美学思想 康德美学 儒家道德论 道德良知 

分 类 号：B83[哲学宗教—美学]