必然性与可能性——当代西方政治哲学的两种进路  

Necessity and Probability:Two Approaches of Contemporary Western Political Philosophy

作　　者：陈德中[1,2] CHEN Dezhong(School of Philosophy,UCASS,Beijing 100732,China;Institute of Philosophy,CASS,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学哲学院,北京100732 [2]中国社会科学院哲学所,北京100732

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期1-10,共10页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“规范性哲学研究”(21&ZD049)。

摘　　要：围绕“自由主义议会民主制”,当代西方政治哲学出现了两种截然不同的理论进路:一种力图为该制度辩护,认为“自由主义议会民主制”乃是历史发展的必然,或者是基于人的理性能力和道德感可达成的一致结论;另一种则批评辩护模式,主张政治哲学乃在于洞开政治生活的可能性,彰显政治行动体的差异及人们在政治生活中的竞争性互动,彰显互动结果的特殊性。两种进路的差异,表现在其对平等价值、政治行动体、政治解释模式、历史发展走向,以及特殊性问题的取舍,并可在罗尔斯式的“理想理论”与韦伯式的“理想型理论”的区别中溯及其根源。两种传统竞流,构成了当代政治哲学的对抗性发展状况。Two rival models(A and B)come into focus in contemporary Western political philosophy to weigh up the pros and cons of liberal parliamentary democracy.Model A defends the system of liberal parliamentary democracy as a universal paradigm to which all people in all societies aspired,and it is governed by historical necessity,or it can be reached based on our rational and moral abilities.As an adversary,model B argues that political philosophy rests in opening the possibilities of political life,and manifesting the heterogeneities of political actors,the agonistic interactions in political life and the particular issues of interaction results.There are actually lots of alternatives,like equal values,political actors,political interpretation models,historical development trends and particular issues,on which these two models diverge,and these very divergences can be illustrated accurately in the contrast of the Rawlian“ideal theory”and Weberian“ideal type theory”.The two traditional races constitute the antagonistic development of contemporary political philosophy.

关 键 词：议会民主制 辩护 必然性 互竞 可能性 

分 类 号：D0-02[政治法律—政治学]