论跨境电商时代专利权人的出口权  

On the"Right to Export"of Patentees in the Era of Cross-border E-commerce

作　　者：郑金涛 ZHENG Jin-tao(School of Law,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京市100089

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2023年第10期103-115,共13页China Business and Market

基　　金：“清华大学阿里巴巴知识产权青年奖学金”资助项目。

摘　　要：随着出口电商迅猛发展,专利强地域性与跨境电商弱地域性二者碰撞引发的专利产品出口侵权争议逐渐凸显。平台内商家向境外买家销售专利产品是否侵犯专利权,亟待澄清。在实然规范上,尽管专利法未规定出口权,但以向境外销售为目的的出口行为落入既有专利权能的控制范围。同时,地域性限定的是专利实施行为发生的空间,而非专利权人可通过专利权控制的市场范围,故专利侵权不以损害专利权人国内市场利益为要件,出口权亦不违背地域性原则。在产业政策上,一国专利法是否规制国内专利产品跨境交易活动,取决于本国产业利益的需要。由于允许专利产品自由出口将严重威胁和损害专利权人国内外市场利益,不利于激励技术创新以及相关出口行业健康可持续发展,总体而言弊大于利,因此承认出口权更符合我国整体利益。鉴于跨境电商交易模式和交易主体的复杂性,为更好地维护我国及他国正当利益,应合理划定出口权边界,针对专利产品出口侵犯出口权的一些特殊情境进行明确规定:一是境内商家把专利产品运输到境外仓库待售的,允许专利权人针对未来即将发生的侵权销售行为行使消除危险之请求权;二是境内商家通过境外跨境电商平台向境外买家销售专利产品的,认定该行为侵权,但不规制境外电商平台相关行为;三是境外商家向境外销售专利产品,但发货地在我国境内的,认定位于我国境内的相关行为构成侵权,但不规制位于境外的相关行为。此外,对于委托加工出口行为,在境内受托人能够证明委托加工关系存在,且境外委托人在出口目标国持有有效专利的情况下予以豁免。With the rapid development of Chinese export e-commerce,infringement disputes over export of patented products are becoming increasingly frequent,which is closely related to the conflict between the territorial nature of patent right and the weak territorial character of cross-border e-commerce.Whether the export of patented products to overseas by platform merchants constitutes patent infringement needs timely clarifying.From the perspective of positive law,"right to export"is not expressly included in the Chinese patent law,but export for the purpose of abroad sales falls within the scope of the existing bundle of patent rights.Meanwhile,the territoriality of patent right confines the space of the very acts of patent enforcement,rather than the market boundary within which patentees can dominate.Therefore,harm to the patentee’s domestic market interests is not necessary to patent infringement,and"right to export"does not violate the principle of territoriality.From the perspective of industrial policy,whether a country’s patent law regulates cross-border transaction activities of patented products within its territory depends on its own industrial interests.Allowing free export of patented products will seriously threaten and damage both the domestic and oversea market interests of Chinese patentees,and thus impede technological innovation and the healthy and sustainable development of related export industries.As a whole,it generates more harm than good,which justifies"right to export"in terms of industrial policy.Finally,reasonably delineating the boundary of"right to export"in the context of cross-border export ecommerce is key to avoid harming the legitimate interests of other countries while safeguarding our own interests,especially when considering the complexity of cross-border e-commerce transaction modes and participants of transaction.First,where a domestic business transports patented products to overseas location for sale,the patentee shall have the right to prevent the coming sale infringements

关 键 词：跨境电商 专利侵权 出口权 地域性 产业政策 

分 类 号：F724.6[经济管理—产业经济]