中国咖啡主栽区咖啡种质资源圃中咖啡驼孢锈菌致病类型鉴定和分析  

Identification and Analysis of the Pathogenic Types of Hemileia vastatrix in the Coffee Germplasm Fields of the Main Coffee Planting Areas in China

作　　者：李乐 易克贤[2,3,4] 吴伟怀 Vítor Manuel Pinto Várzea[5] Ana Paula Pereira Maria do Céu Machado Lavado da Silva 唐天乐 LI Le;YI Kexian;WU Weihuai;Vítor Manuel Pinto Várzea;Ana Paula Pereira;Maria do Céu Machado Lavado da Silva;TANG Tianle(National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control/Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education/School of Tropical Medicine,Hainan Medical University,Haikou 571199,China;Sanya Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Sanya 572025,China;Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Agriculture Pest Monitoring and Control/Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,China;School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou 570208,China;Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro,Universidade de Lisboa,Lisbon 2784-505,Portugal)

机构地区：[1]海南医学院,国家卫生健康委员会热带病防治重点实验室/教育部热带转化医学重点实验室/热带医学院,海南海口571199 [2]中国热带农业科学院三亚研究所,海南三亚572025 [3]中国热带农业科学院,海南省热带农业害虫监测与控制重点实验室/环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口571101 [4]海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口570208 [5]里斯本大学咖啡锈病工程研究中心,葡萄牙里斯本2784-505

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第5期755-763,共9页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(320QN263);国际粮农组织与国际原子能机构合作研究项目(20380);海南医学院大学生创新创业项目(X202111810093)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究中国咖啡主栽区咖啡种质资源圃中由专性寄生病原真菌咖啡驼孢锈菌(Hemileia vastatrix Berk.et Br.)引起的咖啡黄锈病(coffee leaf rust,CLR)致病类型,对保护中国咖啡种质资源以及指导主栽区抗性品种的布局和选育具有重要意义。【方法】收集分布在中国咖啡主栽区4个具有代表性的咖啡种质资源圃CLR病样,在超感病基因型寄主上进行扩繁及单孢分离,在特定基因型寄主上对咖啡驼孢锈菌的毒力基因进行鉴定,并推导出相应的致病类型。【结果】57份样品中,有42份样品(占73.68%)被成功扩繁,有27份样品(占64.29%)被保存。根据样品信息录入23个CIFC条目,共鉴定出3种致病类型:XXXⅦ(v_(2,5,6,7,9)),占86.96%,为优势致病类型;New race(v_(2,5,6,7)),占8.69%,为在中国种质资源圃CLR调查的首次报道;XXXIV(v_(2,5,7,9)),占4.35%。【结论】中国咖啡主栽区咖啡驼孢锈菌群体遗传结构正在发生改变,原有致病类型已渗入位于主栽区内的种质资源圃,并在基因型相近的寄主上加速进化;新的致病类型在主栽区内的咖啡基地和种质资源圃之间随机流动,并对当前主栽品种的抗性造成威胁。研究结果将为中国咖啡种质资源圃的科学管理提供重要依据,为CLR防控提供理论支持。[Purpose]To study the pathogenic types of coffee leaf rust(CLR)caused by the obligate parasitic pathogenic fungus Hemileia vastatrix in the coffee germplasm fields of the main coffee planting areas in China,guiding the layout of the varieties as well as to select the resistant varieties in the main planting areas.[Methods]CLR disease samples were collected from four representative coffee germplasm fields distributed in the main coffee cropping areas of China,and carried out propagation and single spore isolation on super-sensitive genotypes.Virulence genes of H.vastatrix were clarified in specific genotypes and the corresponding pathogenic types were deduced.[Results]42 samples(73.68%)of the total 57 CLR samples were successfully expanded,of which 27 samples(64.29%)that were successfully saved and divided into 23 CIFC entries according to the sample information.There were three pathogenic types detected,of which XXXVII(v_(2,5,6,7,9))(86.96%)was the dominant pathogenic type,followed by New race(v_(2,5,6,7))(8.69%)and XXXIV(v_(2,5,7,9))(4.35%).New race(v_(2,5,6,7))had not been reported in CLR survey of other germplasm resource nurseries in China.[Conclusion]The genetic structure of the H.vastatrix populations is changing.The original pathogenic types have infiltrated into the germplasm fields located in the main coffee cropping area and accelerated the evolution on the host with similar genotypes.The new pathogenic types randomly flow between the coffee bases and the germplasm fields across the main cropping area of coffee and pose a threat to the resistance of the current main cultivars.This study will provide an important basis for the scientific management of coffee germplasms and provide theoretical supports for the prevention and control of CLR.

关 键 词：咖啡 咖啡驼孢锈菌 种质资源圃 致病类型 毒力基因 

分 类 号：S571.201[农业科学—作物学]