汽车爆胎的载荷转移建模及仿真分析  

Load Transfer Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Car Tire Blow-Out

作　　者：张彦会[1] 李蒙恩 ZHANG Yan-hui;LI Meng-en(School of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering,Guangxi University of Science and Technology,Guangxi Liuzhou 545006,China)

机构地区：[1]广西科技大学机械与交通工程学院,广西柳州545006

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2023年第10期100-106,共7页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：柳州市科技计划项目(2019DH10603)。

摘　　要：汽车发生爆胎后容易造成交通事故,特别是在高速行驶的情况下,由爆胎引起的交通事故占比32%,其中死亡事故更是高达49%[1]。当高速行驶的汽车发生爆胎后,行驶路线会发生改变,并且汽车会处于横摆与侧翻的失控状态,所以对爆胎汽车的行驶状态进行研究是非常必要的。首先,通过研究汽车爆胎发生后,爆胎车轮的滚动半径变化,爆胎汽车姿态发生变化从而会使汽车转向系统的转向角及车轮侧偏角发生改变;其次,通过研究汽车爆胎发生后,汽车的重心将发生转移从而引起四个车轮上的垂直载荷发生转移,从而导致各个车轮上的侧偏力大小发生改变;最后,通过分析汽车爆胎过程中各个车轮侧偏角的改变以及垂向载荷的转移引起各个车轮上的侧偏力的改变,联合建立爆胎汽车二自由度操纵动力学模型。并利用Matlab/Simulink搭建仿真模型,得出汽车侧向加速度、横摆角速度的变化曲线。仿真结果表明,在车速为120km/h时,汽车发生爆胎的运动过程中,考虑垂向载荷转移的情况相比于没有考虑垂向载荷转移的情况更能准确描述爆胎汽车方向失稳的真实运动过程。When a car has a flat tire,it is easy to cause traffic accidents,especially in the case of high speed driving.The traffic ac-cident caused by a flat tire accounts for 32%,and the death accident is as high as 49%.When a high-speed car has a flat tire,the driving route will change,and the car will be in the state of sway and rollover out of control,so it is very necessary to study the driv-ing state of a flat tire car.Firstly,after the occurrence of a puncture,the rolling radius of the puncture wheel changes,and the atti-tude of the puncture vehicle changes,which will change the steering Angle of the vehicle steering system and the sideway Angle of the wheel.Secondly,after the tire puncture,the center of gravity of the car will be shifted,which will cause the vertical load on the four wheels to be shifted,which will lead to the change of the lateral force on each wheel.Finally,by analyzing the change of side-wise Angle of each wheel and the change of sidewise force of each wheel caused by the transfer of vertical load in the process of tire blow-out,a two degree-of-freedom(DOF)control dynamic model of tire blow-out vehicle was established.Matlab/Simulink was used to build the simulation model,and the curve of lateral acceleration and yaw rate was obtained.The simulation results show that the real motion process of directional instability of a blow-out vehicle can be described more accurately when vertical load transfer is taken into account than when vertical load transfer is not taken into account when the vehicle speed is 120km/h.

关 键 词：汽车爆胎 载荷转移 方向失稳 侧偏力改变 操纵动力学模型 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] U461.6[机械工程—车辆工程]