客观后果主义与主观后果主义  

Objective Consequentialism and Subjective Consequentialism

作　　者：龚群[1] GONG Qun(Schooi of Philosophy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872

出　　处：《上饶师范学院学报》2023年第4期1-10,共10页Journal of Shangrao Normal University

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(21&ZD015);中国人民大学2023年度“中央高校建设世界一流大流(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金”。

摘　　要：在当代后果主义的发展中,莱尔顿占有独特的地位,这在于他提出了主观后果主义与客观后果主义相区分的理论。莱尔顿理论的出发点是威廉斯的批评:行动后果主义对最大化目标的追求必然造成对人的完整性的破坏和人的异化。在他看来,当我们完全以某种道德理论而不是实际上应当做什么作为行动指南时,就将会造成异化,而要避免这种异化,就要以客观后果主义取代行动后果主义这样的主观后果主义。莱尔顿的理论受到了人们的批评,他的客观后果主义论证并不十分成功,但他对行动后果主义的认识仍很有意义。Peter Railton holds a unique position in the development of theories of contemporary consequentialism,as he proposed a theory that distinguishes subjective and objective consequentialism.His starting point is Williams'criticism:the goal of maximizing of consequences of action inevitably leads to the destruction of human integrity and alienation.In his view,when people take a certain moral theory rather than what they should actually do as the goal of action,it will cause alienation.To avoid this alienation is to replace subjective consequentialism such as act-consequentialism with objective consequentialism.Railton's theory has been criticized,and his objective consequentialist argument may not be very successful,but his understanding of the problem of act-consequentialism still has significance.

关 键 词：莱尔顿 行动后果主义 主观后果主义 客观后果主义 

分 类 号：B82-06[哲学宗教—伦理学]