秸秆还田方式与施氮量对秸秆腐解及玉米氮素利用的影响  

Decomposition characteristics of maize straw and its effect on nitrogen utilization of maize in black soil region

作　　者：刘熙明 王滢渺 田洪涛 任姿姿 邓超 王少杰 高强[1] 冯国忠[1] LIU Ximing;WANG Yingmiao;TIAN Hongtao;REN Zizi;DENG Chao;WANG Shaojie;GAO Qiang;FENG Guozhong(College of Resources and Environment/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in Jilin Commodity Grain Base,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Xinyangfeng Agricultural Technology Co.Ltd.,Jingmen 448000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院/吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室,长春130118 [2]新洋丰农业科技股份有限公司,湖北荆门448000

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2023年第10期15-26,共12页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500702);国家自然科学基金(U19A2035);吉林省教育厅科学技术研究项目(JJKH20210358KJ)。

摘　　要：为探究高效秸秆还田方式与施氮量结合模式,明确黑土区玉米秸秆腐解和氮素释放规律对还田方式和氮肥管理的响应及其对玉米产量和氮素利用效率的影响,以玉米秸秆为研究对象,在吉林省四平市设置连续两年(2021和2022年)的田间定位试验,采用尼龙网袋法探究覆盖(Straw mulch,SM)和翻压(Straw bury,SB)2种秸秆还田方式和不施氮肥(N0)、180kg/hm2(N1)、270kg/hm2(N2)3个施氮水平的组合下,秸秆腐解率和氮素释放率。结果表明:秸秆还田方式和施氮量显著影响秸秆腐解特征,其中SB处理的秸秆两年累积腐解率平均为83.0%,显著高于SM处理的65.3%;与N0处理相比,施氮处理(N1和N2)秸秆腐解率提高9.8%。SB处理秸秆氮素两年累积释放率为62.5%,显著高于SM处理的46.0%,秸秆氮释放量分别为51和38kg/hm2;施氮促进秸秆氮素释放,提高秸秆氮素释放率的比例为12.5%;秸秆还田方式与施氮量显著影响玉米产量和植株氮素吸收,且具有交互效应,其中SBN2处理的玉米产量和植株氮素吸收量均为最高,分别为11017.0和184.9kg/hm2。统计显示,SB处理中施氮量、秸秆氮素释放量、穗粒数与玉米产量和吸氮量间均具有明显的正相关关系。因此,在翻压还田和高施氮量组合时,可以促进秸秆腐解和玉米氮素利用。In order to explore the combination mode of high-efficiency straw returning method and nitrogen application rate,the response of maize straw decomposition and nitrogen release law to returning method and nitrogen fertilizer management in black soil area and its effect on maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency were clarified.Corn straw was used as the research object,and a field positioning test was set up in Siping City,Jilin Province for two consecutive years(2021and 2022).Two straw returning methods,straw mulch(SM)and straw bury(SB),were determined by nylon mesh bag method.Under three different nitrogen application levels,no nitrogen fertilizer(N0),180kg/hm2(N1)and 270kg/hm2(N2),the nylon mesh bag method was used to explore the straw decomposition rate and nitrogen release rate under the combinations of different straw returning methods and different nitrogen application rates.The results showed that the straw returning method and nitrogen application rate significantly affected the decomposition characteristics of straw.The average two-year cumulative decomposition rate of straw under SB treatment was 83.0%,which was significantly higher than 65.3%under SM treatment.Compared with N0treatment,the straw decomposition rate of N1and N2treatments increased by 9.8%.The two-year cumulative release rate of straw nitrogen under SB treatment was 62.5%,which was significantly higher than that under SM treatment(46.0%),and the cumulative release of straw nitrogen was 51and 38kg/hm^(2),respectively.Nitrogen application promoted straw nitrogen release,and the proportion of straw nitrogen release rate increased by 12.5%.Straw returning method and nitrogen application rate significantly affected maize yield and plant nitrogen uptake,and also had interaction effect.The maize yield and plant nitrogen uptake under SBN2treatment were the highest,which were 11017.0and 184.9kg/hm2,respectively.The statistical analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between nitrogen application rate,straw nitrogen release,

关 键 词：还田方式 施氮量 秸秆腐解 氮素释放 玉米产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]