论适老型诉讼机制的建构  

On the Construction of Elderly-Oriented Litigation Mechanism

作　　者：刘万成 姚宁怡 LIU Wancheng;YAO Ningyi(The Primary People’s Court of Lucheng District of Wenzhou City,Wenzhou,China 325000)

机构地区：[1]浙江省温州市鹿城区人民法院,浙江温州325000

出　　处：《温州大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期107-116,共10页Journal of Wenzhou University：Social Science Edition

摘　　要：未成年人特殊司法保护蔚然成势,而处在老龄化、数字化并进趋势之中的老年人特殊司法保护殊显不足。考察法律发展与文化传统,反思弱势群体及理性拟制,审视支持系统与人的尊严等相关研究都表明,“一老”应当与“一小”获得基本相当的特殊司法保护。为此,对诉讼机制进行适老化调整已迫在眉睫。因新的司法老年观而倡导,适老型诉讼机制以细化识别老年人的“弱诉讼行为能力”为先决,以保障和促进老年当事人有效参与诉讼、自主或适当作出决定,支持和辅助审判者切实查明事实、公正裁判为核心,且在保护原则、参与原则、效率原则上有其特殊侧重。构建适老型诉讼机制,可以考虑整体借鉴未成年人特殊司法保护的工作原则和具体制度,并相应予以增、删、改,体现诉讼行为能力分级并相应匹配针对老年当事人的优待宽容措施、能力支持措施与针对法官的处断辅助措施等重要规则,同步推进数字友好化举措,遵循由基层探索上升至国家立法的路径。Comparing with the vigorous development of the special judicial protection for minors,the special judicial protection for elderly people who are experiencing the trends of aging and digitization is rather underdeveloped.The correlative research on the investigation between development of law and cultural tradition,the reflection on disadvantaged groups and the fabrication of rational people,and the examination of supporting mechanism and human dignity,shows that the special judicial protection for the elderly should be much the same as the protection for minors.Therefore,elderly-oriented adjustment to the litigation mechanism is so required.Advocated by the new judicial concepts for the elderly,elderly-oriented litigation mechanism takes the detailed identification of elderly people’s“weak legal capacity to engage in litigation”as the precondition.Its core is to safeguard and promote the effective participation of elderly litigants in litigation,which means the elderly litigants can make decisions independently or appropriately,and support and assist the judges in finding out the facts and making fair judgments.Moreover,its protective principle,participation principle and efficiency principle emphasize on different parts according to its particularity.In order to construct the elderly-oriented litigation mechanism,we should not only consider drawing on the principles and specific systems of the special judicial protection for minors from the overall perspective and making some addition,deletion and modification,but also match the classification of the legal capacity to engage in litigation with preferential and lenient treatment and supporting measures for the elderly litigants,as well as the auxiliary systems for the judges in decision-making.Besides,we need to promote the digital friendly measures and follow the path of bringing the exploration of grass-roots courts to national legislation.

关 键 词：老龄化 行为能力 适老型诉讼机制 弱诉讼行为能力 

分 类 号：D915.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]