居住空间分异对城市公共服务供给的因果效应研究——以上海市为例  

The causal effect of residential spatial segregation on the provision of public services:Evidences from Shanghai

作　　者：卢婷婷 李志远 LU Tingting;LI Zhiyuan(School of International and Public Affairs,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200030,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院,上海200030

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2023年第9期1795-1808,共14页Progress in Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42001175);上海市哲学社会科学规划项目(2019ECK001)。

摘　　要：促进城市空间均衡、充分发展,推动城市公共服务供给水平全面提升,是中国式现代化对城市治理提出的核心要求。论文以超大城市上海为例,围绕居住空间分异如何影响公共服务供给的问题,首先从城市治理最小行政单元的居/村委会尺度刻画了公共服务供给不均衡的空间格局,其次运用因果推断中的广义倾向值匹配方法分析基于住房产权的居住分异程度对公共服务供给程度的实际影响,最后进一步阐释政府部门与市场部门在不同场景公共服务供给中的差异性逻辑。研究发现:(1)上海居住分异程度和公共服务供给程度在空间全局呈相反关系,且在中心聚集“低分异-高供给”的空间,在边缘聚集“高分异-低供给”的空间;(2)居住分异对公共服务供给的影响在整体场景、分部门场景下均以显著的负向因果效应为主,即居住分异程度的加深将引起公共服务供给相对不足,但该影响在居住分异程度居中阶段均出现小幅度的正向波动变化;(3)相较于政府部门,市场部门主导的公共服务供给受到居住分异的负向因果效应作用更大。基于研究结论,论文从促进适度住房产权混合和社会融合、弥补边缘空间的公共服务资源不足、改善弱势社会群体的住房机会三方面提出城市治理建议。Improving the quality of urban public service provision and promoting a balanced and sufficient development of urban space is one of the critical urban governance issues in the process of China's modernization.However,the relationship between residential segregation and public service provision remains under-researched.Using Shanghai as a case,this study examined the spatial pattern of diversified urban public service provision at the scale of the smallest administrative unit and employed a causal-effect analytical method—generalized propensity-score matching—to identify the actual impact of residential segregation on the public service provision respectively delivered by the public sector and the private sector.The study revealed that the global and local spatial associations between residential segregation and public service provision in Shanghai displayed an inversely distributed pattern.Residential segregation at the neighborhood(residential committee)scale showed a negative effect on the public service provision both overall and by sectoral divisions.Such correlation showed a positive fluctuation in the middle of the residential segregation spectrum.The positive treatment effect of residential segregation on the public service provision from the private sector is relatively weak.Based on these findings,this study offered three policy recommendations:promoting a moderate level of homeownership mix,bridging the gap in public services in relatively segregated neighborhoods,and improving housing opportunities for marginalized groups.

关 键 词：居住空间分异 公共服务供给 因果效应 广义倾向值匹配 上海市 

分 类 号：TU984.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] D630[政治法律—政治学]