卢卡奇对恩格斯自然辩证法的批评为什么是错误的  

Why Lukacs'Criticism of Engels'Dialectics of Nature Is Wrong

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作  者:陈朝月 Chen Zhaoyue

机构地区:[1]武汉大学马克思主义学院

出  处:《马克思主义哲学研究》2023年第1期270-277,共8页Marxist Philosophical Research

摘  要:卢卡奇对恩格斯自然辩证法的批评,建立在他对马克思辩证法的理解之上。卢卡奇认为,马克思辩证法是总体性辩证法,其核心是主客体相互作用,适用范围是社会历史领域,这一观点未能看到马克思的辩证法同样关涉自然。他批评恩格斯的自然辩证法将辩证法不当地扩展到了自然界,这一看法忽视了自然辩证法对主体的重视;他指责恩格斯的自然辩证法丧失了革命性与批判性,这恰恰没有看到恩格斯自然辩证法是一种批判的哲学。卢卡奇对自然辩证法的批评无意间开启了“马克思—恩格斯问题”的长久论争。明辨卢卡奇以总体性辩证法为据对恩格斯自然辩证法所产生的误解,有利于澄清马克思辩证法的本质,明晰恩格斯自然辩证法对主体的观照及其革命本性,消解马克思恩格斯对立的论调。Lukacs'criticism of Engels'Dialectics of nature is based on his understanding of Marx's dialectics.Lukacs believes that Marx's dialectics is a holistic dialectics,its core is the interaction between subject and object,and its scope of application is the field of social history.This view fails to see that Marx's dialectics is also related to nature.He criticized Engels'Dialectics of nature for extending dialectics to nature,which ignored the importance of Dialectics of nature on subject;He accused Engels'Dialectics of nature of losing its revolutionary and critical nature,which just failed to see that Engels'Dialectics of nature was a critical philosophy.Lukacs'criticism of Dialectics of nature inadvertently opened a long debate on the"Marx Engels problem".A clear identification of Lukacs'misunderstanding of Engels'Dialectics of nature based on the holistic dialectics is conducive to clarifying the essence of Marx's dialectics,clarifying Engels'view of the subject and its revolutionary nature,and dispelling the argument of Marx and Engels'opposition.

关 键 词:卢卡奇 恩格斯 马克思 自然辩证法 总体性辩证法 

分 类 号:N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] B515[哲学宗教—外国哲学]

 

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