内蒙古西部野生酸枣种质资源的评价与分析  

Evaluation and Analiysis of Wild Sour Jujube Germplasm From West of Inner Mongolia

作　　者：孙耀文 马迎梅 王树森 张宏武 温苏雅勒图 秦素娟 SUN Yaowen;MA Yingmei;WANG Shusen;ZHANG Hongwu;WEN Suyaletu;QIN Sujuan(College of Desert Control Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Desert Ecosystem Conservation and Restoration,State Forestry and Grassland Administration of China,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010011;Bayannur Forestry and Grassland Resources Protection Center,Bayannur,Inner Mongolia 015015;Wulatehou Qi Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Bayannur,Inner Mongolia 015543;Bayannur Forestry and Grassland Development Center,Bayannur,Inner Mongolia 015002)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,荒漠生态系统保护与修复国家林业和草原局重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [2]巴彦淖尔市林业和草原资源保护中心,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015015 [3]乌拉特后旗林业和草原局,内蒙古巴彦淳尔015543 [4]巴彦淖尔市林业和草原事业发展中心,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015002

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第17期25-34,共10页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：内蒙古自然科学基金面上资助项目(2022MS03056);内蒙古自治区科技计划应用研发资助项目(2019GG004);内蒙古农业大学青年教师科研能力提升专项资助项目(BR220144)。

摘　　要：以内蒙古西部地区的9份野生酸枣(Ziziphus acidojujuba C.Y.Cheng et M.J.Liu)种质资源(N1~N9)为试材,与同时期市售的山西、陕西、新疆的酸枣及河北省沧州市的金丝小枣对比,采用灰色关联度分析方法筛选出优质鲜食酸枣种质资源,研究了具有不同遗传背景的酸枣对其13个果实表型性状及4种营养物质含量,以期为内蒙古地区酸枣种质资源的开发利用提供参考依据。结果表明:酸枣的单果质量与果实横径和果核横径成正比;鲜食可食率最高的是N6(68.55%)大于陕西(45.30%)的酸枣,却小于山西(77.35%)、新疆(82.33%)和金丝小枣(93.57%);N1、N3、N4、N6的果实风味性状相比对照更稳定;果实风味酸甜的为N6和N9;可溶性蛋白质含量较高的为N4(2.13 mg·g^(-1)FW)、N7(2.19 mg·g^(-1)FW),均大于对照;可溶性糖含量最高的为N1(208 mg·g^(-1)FW),其值低于对照;维生素C含量最高的为N7(726 mg·(100g)^(-1)FW),其中7个种质资源的维生素C含量高于对照;可滴定酸含量最低的为N6(6.67%),其值高于对照。通过灰色关联分析法综合评价发现N7适宜作为优质鲜食型酸枣育种的重要材料而被开发利用。Nine wild sour jujube(Ziziphus acidojujuba C.Y.Cheng et M.J.Liu) germplasm(N1-N9) from the western region of Inner Mongolia were used as experimental materials.Traits of three commercially available sour jujube from Shanxi,Shaanxi,Xinjiang Provinces and Jinsi jujube from Cangzhou city and Hebei Province were used as controls to compared with the experimental materials.Thirteen fruit phenotypic traits and four nutritional traits were tested,and high-quality fresh edible sour jujube germplasm were screened based on grey correlation analysis,in order to provide reference for the development and utilization of sour jujube germplasm in Inner Mongolia.The results showed that the quality of a single fruit of sour jujube was directly proportional to the transverse diameter of the fruit and the transverse diameter of the fruit pit;the highest fresh edible rate was N6(68.55%),which was higher than Shaanxi(45.30%),but lower than Shanxi(77.35%),Xinjiang(82.33%),and Jinsi jujube(93.57%).The fruit flavor characters of N1,N3,N4,and N6 were more stable than those of the controls.N6 and N9 were favorable in sweet and sour fruit flavor.The soluble protein content of N4(2.13 mg·g^(-1)·FW) and N7(2.19 mg·g^(-1)·FW) was higher than that of the control.The germplasm that had highest soluble sugar content was N1(208 mg·g^(-1)·FW) which was lower than the control.N7(726 mg·(100g)^(-1)·FW)had the highest vitamin C content which seven germplasm resources had higher vitamin C than the control.The germplasm had lowest titratable acid content was N6(6.67%) which was higher than the control.Through the comprehensive evaluation using grey correlation analysis,N7 was suitable to be developed and utilized as an important breeding material for high-quality freshly edible sour jujube.

关 键 词：酸枣 种质资源 果实性状 果实营养成分 灰色关联度分析 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]