玉米秸秆堆腐菌株对堆腐过程中生物多样性的影响  

Effects of Corn Straw Composting Strains on Biodiversity During the Composting Process

作　　者：原韬[1] 安琦[1] 刘佳莉 牛彦波[1] 孟利强[1] 曹亚彬[1] YUAN Tao;AN Qi;LIU Jiali;NIU Yanbo;MENG Liqiang;CAO Yabin(Institute of Microbiology,Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150010;Hebei University of Environmental Engineering/Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety,Qinhuangdao,Hebei 066102)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省科学院微生物研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150010 [2]河北环境工程学院河北省农业生态安全重点实验室,河北秦皇岛066102

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第17期78-85,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：黑龙江省科学院院长基金资助项目(YZ2020SW02)。

摘　　要：以东北地区玉米秸秆为试材,采用实验室模拟器方法开展堆腐试验,从堆腐秸秆中分离筛选适用于不同发酵温度的优势细菌菌株,经过16S法测序比对后,将分离得到的菌株制备成为秸秆腐熟菌株,应用于控温反应器中模拟秸秆腐熟试验,研究了秸秆腐熟菌剂对堆腐过程中微生物多样性与秸秆失重率的影响,以期加快秸秆堆腐效率。结果表明:从玉米秸秆堆腐物中分离菌株制备的腐熟菌株应用于模拟试验后,对秸秆堆腐中微生物群落的变化具有显著影响。梯度升温20 d,混合菌株试验组堆腐玉米秸秆中纤维弧菌属(Cellvibrio)菌群的相对丰度显著高于其它各组,其秸秆失重率为16.03%,CK秸秆失重率为12.41%,二者差异显著(P<0.05)。从玉米秸秆堆腐现场分离菌株制备的腐熟菌株对玉米秸秆模拟堆腐过程中微生物多样性变化具有显著影响,有助于促进秸秆降解。Corn straw from the northeastern region of China was used as raw material.A laboratory simulator was employed to conduct composting experiments.Dominant bacterial strains suitable for different fermentation temperatures were isolated and screened from the composted straw.After 16S rRNA sequencing and comparison,the isolated strains were prepared as composting agents for straw maturation.These agents were applied in a temperature-controlled reactor to simulate the straw composting process.The effects of straw decomposition agents on microbial diversity and straw weight loss rate during the corn straw composting process were studied in order to accelerate the efficiency.The application of microbial agents which screened from the compile rotting straw had an impact on the microbial community changes of compile rotting straw.After 20 days of gradient heating,the relative abundance of Cellvibrio in the composted corn straw of the mixed microbial agent test group was significantly higher than that of other groups(P0.05).The straw weight loss rate of the mixed microbial inoculant group prepared by four strains was 16.03% which significantly higher than 12.41% of the control group.The application of microbial agents had a significant effect on the change of biodiversity and straw degradation in the constant temperature composting simulation experiment of corn straw.

关 键 词：玉米秸秆 堆腐 菌株筛选 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学]