网络条件下供需未匹配的公路港多车型甩挂调度优化  

Optimization of Multiple Tractor-and-semitrailer Scheduling for Highway Port with Unmatched Supply-demand and Network Conditions

作　　者：郭红霞[1,2] 倪少权[1] 贺裕雁 GUO Hong-xia;NI Shao-quan;HE Yu-yan(School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;School of Economics and Management,Guangxi University of Science and Technology,Liuzhou 545006,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学,交通运输与物流学院,成都610031 [2]广西科技大学,经济与管理学院,广西柳州545006

出　　处：《交通运输系统工程与信息》2023年第5期290-297,共8页Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFB1200702);交通运输部交通运输行业重点科技项目(2022-ZD7-132);国家自然科学基金(52072314)。

摘　　要：多车型甩挂伴随公路港网络化产生,对解决公路港间供需未匹配问题以及降低网络运营成本具有重要作用。为分析多车型甩挂的优势,本文从多车场、多需求、需求不均衡和供需未匹配的视角出发,以网络运营成本最小为优化目标,建立网络条件下公路港多车型甩挂调度优化模型,并设计了基于动态规划法、节约里程法和改进模拟退火算法的两阶段启发式算法对模型进行求解,同时将其与改进粒子群算法和改进蚁群算法进行对比,验证算法的有效性。结果表明:与传统运输方式相比,多车型甩挂牵引车数量减少率为7.30%,成本节约率为2.32%,同时确定了甩挂比合理值为1.00∶1.08,体现了多车型甩挂的优越性。在不同的牵引车工作时长下,牵引车数量减少率从7.30%增加到53.68%,成本节约率从2.32%增加到15.86%,甩挂比合理值从1.00∶1.08增大到1.00∶2.16,多车型甩挂的优势凸显。不同工作时长下甩挂比的合理值和牵引车调度方案为企业运营提供了一定的决策支持。Multiple tractor-and-semitrailer scheduling is commonly used in the highway port network and plays an important role when the supply and demand are unbalanced between highway ports and helps to reduce the network operating costs.To analyze the advantages of multiple tractor-and-semitrailer scheduling,this paper proposes the optimization model for multiple tractor-and-semitrailer scheduling with multi depots,multi demands,and unbalanced supply and demand.The optimization goal of the model is the minimum network operation cost.A two-stage heuristic algorithm is designed based on the dynamic programming,and the mileage saving method and the improved simulated annealing algorithm are used to solve the model.The model was compared with the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm and the improved ant colony algorithm to verify the effectiveness of the model.The results show that compared with traditional transportation mode,the reduction rate of the number of tractors under network condition is 7.30%,and the cost savings rate is 2.32%.The reasonable value of the suspension ratio is 1.00∶1.08,reflecting the superiority of multiple vehicles models in suspension.Under different working hours of the tractor,the reduction rate of the number of common semitrailers increased from 7.30%to 53.68%,the cost savings rate increased from 2.32%to 15.86%,and the reasonable value of the drag and drop ratio improved from 1.00∶1.08 to 1.00∶2.16,and the advantages of multiple tractor-and-semitrailer scheduling were prominent.The reasonable value of the tractor and semitrailer ratio and the scheduling scheme under different working hours provide certain reference for the enterprise operational decision-making process.

关 键 词：公路运输 调度优化 两阶段启发式算法 公路港 供需未匹配 多车型 

分 类 号：U492.22[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]