人工智能时代的遥感变化检测技术:继承、发展与挑战  

Remote sensing change detection technology in the Era of artificial intelligence:Inheritance,development and challenges

作　　者：柳思聪 都科丞 郑永杰 陈晋[2] 杜培军[3] 童小华 LIU Sicong;DU Kecheng;ZHENG Yongjie;CHEN Jin;DU Peijun;TONG Xiaohua(College of Surveying and Geoinformatics,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of Geography and Ocean Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学测绘与地理信息学院,上海200092 [2]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875 [3]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京210023

出　　处：《遥感学报》2023年第9期1975-1987,共13页NATIONAL REMOTE SENSING BULLETIN

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:42071324);上海市青年科技启明星计划(编号:21QA1409100)。

摘　　要：多时相遥感影像变化检测是指对同一地理区域、不同时间获取的遥感影像进行自动变化发现、识别与解释的遥感处理与分析技术。随着卫星遥感技术及人工智能理论方法的快速发展,基于多时相遥感影像数据驱动和模型驱动的传统变化检测方法正朝着数据—模型—知识联合驱动的方向转型和演变,以更加自动化、精细化和智能化的方式,解决多领域的地表时空变化检测问题。本文在总结多时相遥感数据源从同构到异构、变化检测模型从传统到智能、变化检测应用从理论到落地过程中存在问题的基础上,以光学遥感影像变化检测任务为例,梳理和分析了人工智能时代下变化检测技术的发展历程。从无监督、监督、弱监督3个方面探讨了遥感变化检测从传统到前沿技术的转型特点与趋势,并进一步提出了未来需重点突破模型的物理可解释性、泛化及迁移能力、跨数据—跨场景—跨领域应用水平等关键问题。In the past decades,the effects of global climate change and the increase of human activities have remarkably increased the demand for remote sensing monitoring.Moreover,with the accumulation of remote sensing data from multiple platforms and multiple sensors,the quantity and quality of multitemporal images have substantially improved.Multitemporal remote sensing images Change Detection(CD)is a processing and analysis technology that aims to automatically detect,identify,and describe changes occurring in the same geographical area at different times.With the advancement of remote sensing and Artificial Intelligence(AI)technology,traditional data-driven and modal CD methods are evolving toward data-model-knowledge jointly driven direction to solve the land surface spatiotemporal CD problem in a variety of application fields in a more automatic,refined,and intelligent manner.This paper first summarizes existing problems in multitemporal remote sensing CD by analyzing the use of homogeneous and heterogenous data sources,developments from traditional to intelligent CD models,and challenges from theoretical to practical CD applications.Optical image CD is taken as an example,and the evolution of CD technology in the era of AI is examined,which can be summarized as three periods of data-driven CD,model-driven CD,and data-model-knowledge driven CD.Then,the characteristics and problems of each periods are discussed.Furthermore,for each of the three aspects(unsupervised,supervised,and weakly supervised),the characteristics and trends in the development of traditional to cutting-edge CD techniques are discussed.In the future,one can focus on breaking through key issues such as the physical interpretability,generalization,and transferability of the CD models as well as their successful implementation in cross-data,cross-scene,and cross-domain applications.

关 键 词：遥感 变化检测 多时相分析 人工智能 机器学习 深度学习 

分 类 号：P2[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]