论牟宗三的哲学观  

On Mou Zongsan's Philosophy

作　　者：陶清[1] TAO Qing(Institute of Philosophy,Anhui Academy of Social Sciences,Hefei,Anhui,230051,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省社会科学院哲学研究所,安徽合肥230051

出　　处：《浙江树人大学学报》2023年第5期1-10,36,共11页Journal of Zhejiang Shuren University

摘　　要：牟宗三的哲学观,因其致力于打通儒、释、道和融汇中、西、马而别具一格,令人亟欲一探究竟。牟宗三的研究方法和思想路径,开辟了中国传统哲学现代化的广阔道路,为全球化语境中中国传统哲学的生存和发展提供了新的突破口和生长点。但是,由于牟宗三出于意识形态原因而针砭马克思主义哲学、以为我所用的功利心态诠解康德哲学,他的融汇中、西、马的努力,不得不带有根本的局限性和主观随意性;其中,关于"自由"概念的诠释和重构,最为显著。一方面,牟宗三以"主观的极高的道德实践之根"超越马克思哲学的"实践"作为实现"自由"的动力和手段,使得"思想如何能够改变现实"之谜依然无解;另一方面,牟宗三又以"自由的无限心"取代康德哲学关于"自由意志"的设定以证明自由和道德法则本身的客观性,从而重蹈康德哲学力图克服和超越的、唯理论和经验论的道德哲学的覆辙。牟宗三致力于中国传统哲学现代化的全部努力启迪世人:中、西、马三者间的良性互动和综合创新,乃是中国传统哲学现代化以至于全球化的必由之路和正确道路;但是,在正确道路上的行走,仍然有必要时刻关注行进路上的路标和里程碑,从而保证必由之路上的行走始终保持正确的方向和不再重复前人走过的弯路。Mou Zongsan's philosophical views,characterized by his dedication to bridging Confucianism,Buddhism,Daoism,and integrating Eastern,Western,and Marxist thoughts,are intriguing and invite further exploration.Mou Zongsan's research methods and intellectual journey have paved a wide path for the modernization of traditional Chinese philosophy,offering new breakthroughs and growth points in the context of globalization.However,due to Mou Zongsan's ideological opposition to Marxist philosophy and his utilitarian interpretation of Kantian philosophy for his own purposes,his efforts to blend Eastern and Western thought,as well as incorporating Marxism,unavoidably have fundamental limitations and subjectivity.Among these,his interpretation and reconstruction of the concept of"freedom"stand out as particularly noteworthy.On one hand,Mou Zongsan transcends Marxist philosophy's""practice"with the idea of the""subjective root of extremely high moral practice"as the driving force and means to achieve"freedom",leaving the puzzle of"how thoughts can change reality"unresolved.On the other hand,he replaces Kantian philosophy's concept of"free will"with the notion of the"infinite mind of freedom"to demonstrate the objectivity of freedom and moral laws themselves.In doing so,he treads a path already explored by Kantian philosophy,which sought to overcome and transcend both idealistic and empirical moral philosophy.Mou Zongsan's efforts in modernizing traditional Chinese philosophy serve as an inspiration to the world:the constructive interaction and innovation among the Eastern,Western,and Marxist philosophies are the necessary and correct path toward modernizing and globalizing Chinese traditional philosophy.However,while walking this correct path,it is still essential to constantly pay attention to the signposts and milestones along the way,ensuring that the journey on the necessary path remains in the right direction and avoids retracing the mistakes of predecessors.

关 键 词：牟宗三 哲学观 中国哲学 康德哲学 自由 实践 圆善 

分 类 号：B261[哲学宗教—中国哲学]