晚清时期安徽疫灾的特征与社会成因分析  

Analysis on the Characteristics and Social Causes of Epidemic Disasters in Anhui in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：张祥稳 崔梦婷 Zhang Xiangwen;Cui Mengting(College of Humanities,Anqing Normal University,Anqing,Anhui 246113;School of Law and Politics,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210044)

机构地区：[1]安庆师范大学人文学院,安徽安庆246113 [2]南京信息工程大学法政学院,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《古今农业》2023年第3期25-36,92,共13页Ancient and Modern Agriculture

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“新中国过渡时期淮河流域灾异与社会关系问题研究”(17BZS093);安徽省高校学科(专业)拔尖人才学术资助项目“晚清(1861-1911)安徽灾荒与社会研究”(gxbjZD20);安庆师范大学“敬敷育英”创新创业引领计划项目“晚清安徽疫灾的特征与社会成因分析”阶段成果

摘　　要：统计分析表明,晚清时期,安徽疫灾异常频仍,被疫总州县次超过清代前中期217年的总和,引发疫灾的疫病种类多、传染性强和传播速度快,严重的战乱和水旱灾害区疫灾异常多发,瘟疫对人的健康与生命危害之惨烈史上罕见。引发疫灾的社会因素错综复杂,主要有战乱使民众身心遭受重创,水旱等灾区的基本民生困苦、卫生环境恶劣,官民的疫情防控意识淡薄和举措缺失,中西医药难以有效防治疫病等。Statistical analysis shows that in the late Qing Dynasty,the epidemic disasters in Anhui were extremely frequent.The number of counties affected by the epidemic was more than the total number of 217 years in the first and middle periods of the Qing Dynasty.The types of epidemic diseases that caused the epidemic disasters were numerous,highly infectious,and spread quickly.The epidemic disasters in severe war and flood and drought disaster areas were extremely frequent.It was rare in the history that the plague did great harm to human health and life.The social factors that caused the epidemic are complex,mainly including the war that severely damaged the people's physical and mental health,the basic people's livelihood in flood and drought stricken areas,the poor sanitary environment,the weak awareness and lack of measures of the officials and the people to prevent and control the epidemic,and the difficulty of Chinese and western medicine to effectively prevent and control the epidemic.

关 键 词：疫情防控 生命安全 天灾人祸 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生] K252[历史地理—历史学]