民事保全的必要性及其司法审查  

Necessity of Civil Preservation and Its Judicial Review

作　　者：占善刚 Zhan Shan'gang

机构地区：[1]武汉大学环境法研究所 [2]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《法学》2023年第10期143-155,共13页Law Science

基　　金：高校人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目《新时代生态文明建设司法保障与服务的完善研究》(项目编号:22JJD820014);国家社科基金重大项目“民事司法程序现代化问题研究”(项目编号:21&ZD205)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：保全的必要性为民事保全诉讼程序固有的实体要件,其与被保全的权利共同构成民事保全诉讼程序的审理对象。保全的必要性在立法表达上应依被保全请求权的类型而定。现行《民事诉讼法》区分诉前保全与诉讼中保全就保全的必要性作出的不同规定,是未能厘定保全诉讼程序的目的与性质的错误立法。债权人申请保全应具体陈述构成保全必要性的事实并负有疏明责任。法院审查保全的必要性应首先判断债权人的权利主张是否具有“充足性”,在此基础上还须进一步审查债权人关于保全必要性的主张能否获得大体的确信。我国法院对保全必要性的审查一直处于虚化的状态,这不仅减损了保全诉讼程序固有机能的有效发挥,也不当地侵蚀了债务人的合法利益。The necessity of preservation is the inherent substantive element of the civil preservation proceedings,which together with the preserved right constitutes the trial object of the civil preservation proceedings.The legislative expression of the necessity of preservation depends on the type of claim to be preserved.The existing Civil Procedure Law makes different provisions on the necessity of preservation between pre-litigation preservation and litigation preservation,which is a wrong legislation that fails to define the purpose and nature of preservation proceedings.The creditor applying for preservation shall specifically state the facts that constitute the necessity of preservation and bear the responsibility of ignorance.When examining the necessity of preservation,the court should first judge whether the creditor's claim is “sufficient”,and then further examine whether the creditor's claim on the necessity of preservation can be generally assured.The examination of the necessity of preservation in Chinese courts has been in a state of vacuity,which not only detracts from the effective play of the inherent function of preservation proceedings,but also erodes the legitimate interests of debtors.

关 键 词：保全的必要性 给付请求权 实体要件 疏明 司法审查 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]