解决认知分歧:专家证言的作用与限度  

Expert Testimony and Its Limits in Resolving Epistemic Disagreement

作　　者：喻郭飞 Yu Guofei(School of Philosophy and Sociology,Huaqiao University,Xiamen,361021)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学哲学与社会发展学院

出　　处：《哲学评论》2023年第1期18-32,共15页Wuda Philosophical Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“道德分歧的认识论研究”(20BZX100)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在当代知识论中,证言(testimony)被人们视作知识的重要来源之一,大家依靠他人特别是不同领域内专家提供的证言为自己相信某个命题进行认知辩护,以获得新的知识。在此过程中,人们面临着如何合理地对待专家证言、避免过分依赖或盲目迷信的困境,尤其是人们如何运用专家证言解决认知分歧成为当前知识论的热点议题。本文通过考察专家证言的特征及其在认知辩护中的作用与限度,从认知自主性、认知责任和认知依赖之间的关系入手,阐明专家证言对于解决认知分歧的意义。Testimony is considered to be one of the most important resources for knowledge in contemporary social epistemology.With the testimony provided by others,and expert testimony in particular,people can make a better epistemic justification and therefore achieve knowledge in an indirect way.However,in the process of epistemic justification,there is a dilemma for us to use expert testimony properly rather than follow it blindly.Especially in the scenario of peer disagreement,it is a perplexing and vital problem for us to make a rational choice between conflicting testimonies.This essay aims at explicating the characteristics of expert testimony,and its role in epistemic justification and limits,deepening our understanding of the relationship among epistemic autonomy,responsibility and dependence,therefore,figuring out the significance of expert testimony for the resolution of the epistemic disagreement.

关 键 词：专家证言 认知分歧 自主性 认知责任 认知依赖 

分 类 号：B017[哲学宗教—哲学理论]