基于遗传算法的常规复合式高速直升机飞行性能参数优化  

Parameter Optimization Based on Genetic Algorithm for Flight Performance of High-speed Compound Helicopter with Single Main Rotor

作　　者：曾怡兰 韩东[1] 刘壮壮 Zeng Yilan;Han Dong;Liu Zhuangzhuang(National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics,Beijing 100074,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学直升机动力学全国重点实验室,江苏南京210016 [2]中国航天空气动力技术研究院,北京100074

出　　处：《航空科学技术》2023年第9期52-61,共10页Aeronautical Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11972181);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目。

摘　　要：单旋翼带尾桨式的传统直升机受旋翼气动特性的不利影响,其最大飞行速度等性能受到制约,因此高速直升机成为国内外研究的热点。为研究基于遗传算法的参数优化对常规旋翼构型复合式高速直升机飞行性能的影响,本文采用动量叶素理论和Young曲线拟合相结合的方法建立了悬停和低速下负拉力状态螺旋桨气动模型,构建了基于遗传算法的飞行性能优化模型。以X3高速直升机为样例,对悬停、低速(200km/h)和高速(400km/h)分别进行优化,分析了直升机功率、操纵量和姿态角变化。结果表明,基于遗传算法的参数优化方法能提升特定速度下复合式直升机的飞行性能。悬停、200km/h和400km/h优化后的直升机总功率均降低,比基准值分别低16.3%、10.9%和19.6%。高速时最优直升机总功率主要依赖优化旋翼部件,通过显著降低旋翼总功率来实现。悬停状态的优化参数趋势和操纵量变化与400km/h优化后的相反,而200km/h优化后的旋翼参数变化趋势与悬停状态一致,螺旋桨参数变化趋势则相反。本文为未来高速直升机总体参数选择、飞行性能优化等提供一定的帮助。The single-rotor helicopter with tail rotor is adversely affected by the aerodynamic characteristics of the rotor,resulting in its maximum flight speed and other performance being restricted,so the high-speed helicopter has become a hot spot in research at home and abroad.In order to study the effect of parameter optimization based on genetic algorithm on the flight performance of high-speed compound helicopter with single main rotor,a propeller aerodynamic model of negative tension state under hovering and low speed was established by combining blade element momentum theory and Young curve fitting,and a flight performance optimization model based on genetic algorithm was constructed.Taking the X3 high-speed helicopter as an example,the hover,low-speed(200km/h)and high-speed(400km/h)were optimized,and the changes of helicopter power,control strategy and attitude angle were analyzed.Result shows that the parameter optimization method based on genetic algorithm can improve the flight performance of compound helicopter at specific speed.The total power of the optimized helicopter at hover,200km/h and 400km/h was reduced by 16.3%,10.9%and 19.6%lower than the baseline values respectively.The optimal total helicopter power at high speeds relies mainly on optimizing the rotor components,which are achieved by significantly reducing the total rotor power.The trends of optimization parameters and control strategy in the hovering state are opposite to those after 400km/h optimization,while the trend of rotor parameters after 200km/h optimization is consistent with that of the hovering state,but the trend of propeller parameters is on the opposite.This paper provides some help for the overall parameters selection and flight performance optimization of the high-speed helicopter in the future.

关 键 词：复合式直升机 螺旋桨 飞行性能 遗传算法 参数优化 

分 类 号：V211.52[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]