兴安杜鹃精油最佳提取工艺及抑菌性  

Optimum Extraction Technology and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from Rhododenron dauricum Nakai

作　　者：檀婷婷 吴生海 王玉莹 杨春波[1] 洪海成[1] 刘庆忠[1] 魏曦光[1] 杜凤国[1,2] TAN Tingting;WU Shenghai;WANG Yuying;YANG Chunbo;HONG Haicheng;LIU Qingzhong;WEI Xiguang;DU Fengguo(Forestry College of Beihua University,Jilin 132013,China;Key Lab of State Forestry Administration on Conservation and Efficient Utilization of Precious and Rare Forest Resource in Changbai Mountain,Jilin 132013,China)

机构地区：[1]北华大学林学院,吉林吉林132013 [2]长白山特色森林资源保育与高效利用国家林业局重点实验室,吉林吉林132013

出　　处：《北华大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第6期722-731,共10页Journal of Beihua University（Natural Science）

基　　金：吉林省科技计划发展项目(20190301041NY)。

摘　　要：兴安杜鹃是一种集观赏、药用于一身的珍贵经济植物资源.研究兴安杜鹃精油最佳提取工艺、成分及抑菌性,为兴安杜鹃精油开发利用提供科学依据.采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取兴安杜鹃精油,进行单因素试验,采用正交试验和响应面法确定最佳提取工艺;采用GC-MS(气质联用)技术分析化学成分,使用滤纸片抑菌法和平板涂布法检测精油抑菌性.结果显示:由单因素试验可知,精油提取率较高的条件为液料比10 mL/g、NaCl质量分数4%、蒸馏时间2.0 h;通过正交试验可知,蒸馏时间3 h、液料比10 mL/g、NaCl质量分数3%为精油提取的最优组合,精油提取率为0.47%;响应面优化法得出的最优组合为液料比9.89 mL/g、蒸馏时间2.96 h、NaCl质量分数3%,在这个条件下精油提取率为0.472 1%,实际值为0.47%,两者拟合良好.通过化学成分分析,从精油中共检出47种化合物,占所提取精油总量的97.41%,主要为烃类含氧有机化合物和萜烯类化合物,其中Z,Z,Z-1,5,9,9-四甲基-1,4,7-环十一碳三烯含量最高.精油对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌圈直径分别为12.70、14.97 mm,MIC分别为0.015 6、0.003 9μg/mL,抑菌明显;对大肠杆菌无明显抑菌效果.水蒸气蒸馏法提取兴安杜鹃精油,既能节省溶剂用量、缩短蒸馏时间,又能保证提取率.Rhododendron dauricum,a precious economic plant resource in medicine and ornamental gardening,has been studied for its optimal essential oil extraction process,chemical components and antibacterial properties,providing a scientific foundation for its development and utilization.Steam distillation was employed to extract the essential oil from Rhododendron dauricum.Single-factor experiments were conducted,and the optimal extraction conditions were determined by using orthogonal experiments and response surface methodology.Gas chromatog-raphy-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was used to analyze the chemical composition,while filter paper disk diffusion and agar dilution methods were employed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the essential oil.Results revealed that the higher essential oil extraction yield was obtained under the following conditions from single-factor experiments:liquid-to-material ratio of 10 mL/g,NaCl mass fraction of 4%,and distillation time of 2.0 h.Through orthogonal experiments,the optimal extraction conditions were determined to be a distillation time of 3 h,liquid-to-material ratio of 10 mL/g,and NaCl mass fraction of 3%,resulting in an essential oil yield of 0.47%.The response surface optimization indicated the best combination as a liquid-to-material ratio of 9.89 mL/g,distillation time of 2.96 h,and NaCl mass fraction of 3%,yielding an essential oil extraction rate of 0.472 1%,the actual value of 0.47%.Chemical analysis identified 47 compounds in the essential oil,comprising 97.41% of the total extracted oil.The main constituents belonged to two categories:oxygenated hydrocarbons and terpenoids,with the highest content observed in Z,Z,Z-1,5,9,9-tetramethyl-1,4,7-cycloundecatriene.The essential oil exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus,with inhibition zone diameters of 12.70 mm and 14.97 mm,and minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of 0.015 6 and 0.003 9 μg/mL,respectively.However,it did not exhibit significant antibacterial eff

关 键 词：兴安杜鹃 精油提取 提取工艺 成分分析 抑菌性 

分 类 号：TS222.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] S685.21[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]