普通过磷酸钙化学反应原理剖析  

Analysis of Chemical Reaction Principle of Ordinary Superphosphate

作　　者：颜鑫[1] YAN Xin(School of Chemical Engineering of Hunan Chemical Vocational Technology College,Zhuzhou Hunan 412004,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南化工职业技术学院化学工程学院,湖南株洲412004

出　　处：《化肥设计》2023年第5期1-3,共3页Chemical Fertilizer Design

摘　　要：在普通过磷酸钙的化学反应原理中,两个分步反应相加并不等于总反应式,本质上是7∶3的关系。根据过磷酸钙的国家标准和本理论依据进行合理推测,两个分步反应所分解的磷矿粉的比例并不是相关教材上所说的70%和30%的关系。以过磷酸钙优等品为例,第一步反应硫酸分解的磷矿粉理论上约为76.92%,实际上达80.77%;第二步反应磷酸分解的磷矿粉理论上约为19.23%,实际上仅约为14.17%;产品中游离磷酸量为5.0%时,残留磷矿粉约为5.06%,二者的数量几乎相等。本文不仅是对普通过磷酸钙反应原理切合实际的补充和完善,也对在实际生产中计算硫酸的理论用量具有一定的指导意义。In the chemical reaction principle of ordinary superphosphate,the addition of two sub-step reactions does not equal the total reaction formula,instead,it is essentially a 7:3 relationship.As per the national standard on superphosphate and the theoretical basis,it is reasonable to speculate that the proportion of phosphate rock powder decomposed by these two sub-step reactions is not the 70%:30% stated in the relevant textbooks.Taking superior superphosphate as an example,the phosphate powder decomposed by sulfuric acid in the first step is about 76.92% in theory,but is 80.77% in practice;and that decomposed by phosphoric acid in the second step is about 19.23% in theory,but only about 14.17% in practice.When the amount of free phosphoric acid in the product is 5.0%,the residual phosphate rock powder is about 5.06%,and the amounts of these two are almost equal.This paper is not only a practical supplement and improvement to the principle of ordinary superphosphate reaction,but also has a certain guiding significance for calculating the theoretical dosage of sulfuric acid in actual production.

关 键 词：普通过磷酸钙 化学反应原理 分步反应 总反应 硫酸当量 磷酸当量 

分 类 号：TQ442.1[化学工程—化学肥料工业]