不同聚合物类型微塑料浸出液的表征及其对生菜种子萌发的影响  

Characterization of Microplastic Leachate from Different Polymers and Its Effect on Seed Germination of Lettuce

作　　者：杨柳 张琳 邓敏 杨文 韩云 金明路 谢俊杰 贺冕 蔡怡敏 章海波 YANG Liu;ZHANG Lin;DENG Min;YANG Wen;HAN Yun;JIN Ming-lu;XIE Jun-jie;HE Mian;CAI Yi-min;ZHANG Hai-bo(College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Pingyang Branch of Wenzhou Ecological Environment,Wenzhou 325000,China;Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,杭州311300 [2]温州市生态环境局平阳分局,温州325000 [3]浙江农林大学浙江省土壤污染生物修复重点实验室,杭州311300

出　　处：《环境科学》2023年第10期5779-5787,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：浙江农林大学科研发展基金人才启动项目(2020FR071);国家自然科学基金项目(42177021);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LZ19D10001)。

摘　　要：土壤中微塑料积累可影响植物种子萌发与生长,但其物质溶出对植物造成的化学风险尚不明确.为探究微塑料浸出液对生菜(Lactuca sativa L.)的毒性效应,以聚酰胺(PA)和聚乙烯(PE)制备的微塑料纤维为对象,考察不同浸提温度(25℃和50℃)下两种微塑料浸出液中可溶性有机碳、氮(DOC和DON)溶出情况及紫外光谱学参数变化,并开展种子发芽试验.结果表明,聚酰胺微塑料PA在浸出液中DOC和DON的溶出量远高于聚乙烯微塑料PE,且DOC和DON浓度随着浸提温度的提高而增加.微塑料的聚合物类型显著影响了浸出液的芳香性、疏水性组分含量及分子量等参数,而浸提温度则无显著性影响.与对照组相比,微塑料浸出液均降低了生菜种子的发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数等指标,而对株高、根长、鲜重和干重等农艺特征指标影响较小.同时,微塑料浸出液造成了部分种子胚根和子叶的发育异常.研究表明微塑料浸出的物质对生菜种子萌发过程具有一定的干扰作用,需着重考虑微塑料对土壤-植物系统产生的化学风险.Accumulation of microplastics in soil could interfere with the germination and growth of plants.However,the chemical risks raised by leachate of microplastics remain unknown.Here,we prepared microplastic leachate at different extraction temperatures(25 and 50℃)using microplastic fibers derived from polyamide(PA)and polyethylene(PE)and conducted the seed germination test of microplastic leachates to investigate the toxic effects of microplastic leachates on lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.).Furthermore,characteristics of the microplastic leachate,such as DOC and DON concentrations and parameters of UV-vis,were measured.The results revealed that the concentration of DOC and DON in the leachate of PA was significantly higher than that of PE.DOC and DON concentration in the leachate of PA increased with extraction temperature.Additionally,the aromaticity,hydrophobic component content,and molecular weight of leachates were significantly affected by the polymers of microplastic,whereas the extraction temperature had no effect.Compared to those in CK,the microplastic leachates reduced the indicators such as germination vigor,germination index,and vigor index of lettuce seeds;however,it had no impact on agronomic traits,such as plant height,root length,fresh weight,and dry weight.Meanwhile,some seeds had abnormal developments of radicles and cotyledons under the microplastic leachate treatments.This demonstrates that the substances leached from microplastics could interfere with the germination process of lettuce seeds.Therefore,the chemical risks exerted by the microplastics to the soil and plant system require further attention.

关 键 词：聚酰胺(PA) 微塑料 浸出液 可溶性有机碳(DOC) 生菜 种子萌发 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]