重庆市152栋高层建筑二次供水病原谱分析  

Pathogenic microorganisms isolated in secondary water supply for 152 high-rise buildings in Chongqing city

作　　者：段刚[1] 廖春艳[1] 王文斟[1] 赵婷[1] 李志峰[1] 聂术君 赵波[1] 王玲[1] DUAN Gang;LIAO Chunyan;WANG Wenzhen;ZHAO Ting;LI Zhifeng;NIE Shujun;ZHAO Bo;WANG Ling(Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chongqing,400042,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市疾病预防控制中心微生物检测所流细科,重庆400042

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2023年第7期908-912,共5页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：重庆市科卫联合项目(2020FYYX226)。

摘　　要：目的了解重庆市高层建筑二次供水微生物污染状况、优势菌株及致病菌耐药状况、毒力基因及亲缘关系分析。方法2020—2021年采集重庆市152栋楼层超过18层、楼龄在5年以上的二次供水样本152份,进行细菌分离鉴定、药敏实验及全基因组测序以及病毒核酸检测。结果152份水样中56份无细菌生长,67份1种细菌生长,23份2种细菌生长,5份3种细菌生长,共分离获得菌株128株。检出率居于前3位的微生物是芽孢杆菌属(25.0%,32/128)、假单胞菌属(18.0%,23/128)、不动杆菌属(7.8%,10/128)。分离率较高的致病菌/条件致病菌有:蜡样芽孢杆菌10株,苏云金芽孢杆菌6株,琼氏不动杆菌6株,产碱假单胞菌6株,溶血葡萄球菌4株,藤黄微球菌、偶发分枝杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌各3株,少动鞘氨醇单胞菌、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌等均有检出。铜绿假单胞菌对8种抗生素耐药、蜡样/苏云金芽孢杆菌对β–内酰胺类抗生素均耐药;诺如病毒、轮状病毒、新型冠状病毒3种病毒核酸检测均为阴性;全基因测序构建系统进化树显示,2株分离自二次供水的苏云金芽胞杆菌进化亲缘关系与致病株97-27等更接近。结论重庆市高层建筑二次供水存在芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属、不动杆菌属等致病菌污染,影响高层建筑居民健康。Objective To detect pathogenic microorganisms in secondary water supply for high-rise buildings in Chongqing city and to examine the spectrum,dominant strains,virulence genes and drug resistance of the isolated pathogenic bacteria.Methods A total of 152 tap water samples were collected from secondary water supply for 152 high-rise buildings(18 stories and higher and built not later than 5 years for each of the buildings)at 6 districts of Chongqing city during 2020 and 2021.Bacteria isolation and identification,drug sensitivity test,whole genome sequencing and virus nucleic acid detection were carried out for the samples.Results Totally 128 bacterial strains were isolated from 96 samples,with single strain from 67 samples,two strains from 23 samples and three strains from 5 samples;no bacterial strain was isolated from another 56 samples.The top three bacteria frequently isolated were Bacillus(25.0%of all isolations),Pseudomonas(18.0%)and Acinetobacter(7.8%).The isolated pathogenic/conditional pathogenic strains included 10 Bacillus cereus,6 Bacillus turingiensis,6 Acinetobacter johnsonii,6 Pseudomonas alcaligenes,4 Staphylococcus haemolyticus,3 Micrococcus luteus,3 Mycobacterium fortuitum,3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Sphingomonas oligokine and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were also detected.The isolated strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to 8 kinds of antibiotics,and those of Bacillus cereus/Bacillus thuringiensis were resistant toβ-lactam antibiotics.All water samples were negative for nucleic acid of norovirus,rotavirus and novel coronavirus.The phylogenetic tree analysis with whole gene sequencing showed that the phylogenetic relationship of the two isolated Bacillus thuringiensis strains is closer to the pathogenic strain 97-27.Conclusion There was pathogenic bacterial contamination caused by Bacillus,Pseudomonas,Acinetobacter and other pathogenic strains in secondary water supply of high-rise buildings in Chongqing city and human health effect of the contamination needs to be concerned.

关 键 词：高层建筑 二次供水 耐药 微生物污染 全基因测序 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]