饲料脂肪水平对克氏原螯虾生长性能、生理生化和肝脏组织形态的影响  

Effects of Dietary Fat Level on Growth Performance, Physiology, Biochemistry and Liver Histomorphology of Procambarus clarkii

作　　者：杨旭红 黄凯[1] 郭睿婕 曹鑫盛 罗雨萧 于凯 吴耀庭 黄娇 YANG Xuhong;HANG Kai;GUO Ruijie;CAO Xinsheng;LUO Yuxiao;YU Kai;WU Yaoting;HUANG Jiao(College of Animal Science and Technology,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Tianjin Zanlan Technology Co.,Tianjin 300000,China;Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Fisheries Science,Nanning 530000,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学动物科学技术学院,广西南宁530004 [2]天津赞兰科技有限公司,天津300000 [3]广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院,广西南宁530000

出　　处：《广东海洋大学学报》2023年第5期43-52,共10页Journal of Guangdong Ocean University

基　　金：广西科技重大专项创新驱动发展基金(桂科AA20302019-6)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨饲料脂肪水平对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)幼虾生长性能、生理生化和肝脏组织形态的影响。【方法】选取600尾初始体质量为(4.00±0.08)g克氏原螯虾幼虾,随机分为5组(T1、T2、T3、T4和T5组),每组3个重复,每个重复40尾虾,分别投喂脂肪质量分数为2.86%、5.11%、7.67%、10.19%和13.02%的等氮实验饲料,投喂60 d后测定其生长指标、体组成,血清生化指标、消化酶活性,HE染色切片观察肝胰脏组织形态与结构。【结果】随着脂肪水平的升高,存活率(SR)和饲料系数(FCR)在脂肪水平为2.86%~7.67%时上升,在10.19%~13.02%时下降,且变化显著(P<0.05),T3组显著高于其他组(P<0.05);T1组含肉率(FC)显著大于T5组(P<0.05),随脂肪水平的增高,含肉率降低;肝胰腺指数(HIS)T5组显著大于T1组(P<0.05),随脂肪水平的增高,肝胰腺指数不断升高。基于特定生长率(SGR)、增重率(WGR)和饲料系数(FCR)的二次回归模型分析得出饲料脂肪水平最适添加量为7.95%。饲料脂肪水平对克氏原螯虾肝胰腺和肌肉的水分、粗蛋白和粗灰分含量无显著影响(P>0.05),对粗脂肪有显著影响,T5组肝胰腺和肌肉粗脂肪含量显著大于其他组(P<0.05),且随饲料脂肪水平增加而上升。生理生化指标显示,T1组胃蛋白酶(PPS)活性和肠淀粉酶(AMY)活性显著大于其他组(P<0.05)。各组谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性存在显著差异(P<0.05),且随脂肪水平增加而上升。T3组甘油三酯(TG)和总蛋白(TP)含量显著大于其他组(P<0.05)。T5组总胆固醇(T-CHO)和脂肪酶(LPS)含量显著大于T1、T2、T3组(P<0.05),且随脂肪水平增加而上升;观察肝胰腺组织形态发现,随脂肪水平增加肝胰腺颜色、丰度存在差异,脂肪空泡率T5(75.02%)组显著大于其他组(P<0.05)。【结论】本研究条件下,克氏原螯虾幼虾饲料中脂肪的建议添加量为7.67%~7.95%。【Objective】The aim is to investigate the effects of dietary lipid level on growth performance,physiology,biochemistry and histomorphology of juvenile Procambarus clarkii.【Method】A total of 600 juvenile crayfish with an initial mass of(4.00±0.08)g were randomly divided into 5 groups(T1,T2,T3,T4 and T5),each with 3 replicates of 40 fish each,and fed isonitrogenous diets with feed fat mass fractions of 2.86%,5.11%,7.67%,10.19%and 13.02%,respectively.After 60 d of feeding,the growth indexes,body composition,serum biochemical indexes,digestive enzyme activities were measured,and the morphology and structure of the hepatopancreas tissues were observed in HE stained sections.【Results】With the increase of fat level,the survival rate(SR)and feed conversion ratio(FCR)increased when fat level was 2.86%-7.67%,and decreased when fat level was 10.19%-13.02%,and the changes were significant(P<0.05),and T3 group was significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05);meat yield(FC)of T1 group was significantly greater than that of T5 group(P<0.05),and meat yield decreased with the increase of fat level;hepatopancreas index(HIS)of T5 group was significantly greater than that of T1 group(P<0.05),and the hepatopancreas index increased with the increase of fat level.A quadratic regression model analysis based on specific growth rate(SGR),weight gain rate(WGR)and feed coefficient(FCR)yielded an optimum addition of 7.95%to the feed fat level.There was no significant effect of feed fat level on water,crude protein and crude ash content of hepatopancreas and muscle of P.clarkii(P>0.05).There was a significant effect on crude fat,and the crude fat content of hepatopancreas and muscle was significantly greater in the T5 group than in the other groups(P<0.05),and increased with the increase in feed fat level.Physiological and biochemical indicators showed that Pepsin activity(PPS)and intestinal amylase activity(AMY)were significantly greater in the T1 group(P<0.05)than in the other groups.There was a significant difference in the a

关 键 词：克氏原螯虾 脂肪水平 生长性能 生理生化 肝胰腺组织形态 

分 类 号：S963.71[农业科学—水产养殖]