骨科定位机器人在骨盆髋臼骨折手术治疗中的应用  

The application of orthopaedic positioning robot in the surgical treatment of pelvic and acetabular fractures

作　　者：贾健[1] Jia Jian(Department of Plevic Trauma,Tianjin Hospital,Tianjin 300211,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市天津医院创伤骨盆科,天津300211

出　　处：《中华骨科杂志》2023年第19期1334-1342,共9页Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics

摘　　要：现代科技的发展不断推动着手术方式的进步, 以机器人为引领的外科手术时代已经到来。骨科定位机器人是一种借助于目标图像的空间映射进而实现手术方案规划的辅助治疗设备, 由可移动机械臂、光学跟踪装置及手术规划导航系统三部分组成。术中可按预定程序规划并执行手术器械的路径导航, 同时在术者的参与下完成骨科内固定物的精准放置。主要适用于创伤骨科、关节置换和脊柱外科等专业领域。骨科定位机器人具有操作准确、性能稳定及可重复性好等临床优势。骨科定位机器人在辅助骨盆髋臼骨折的微创治疗中, 主要通过髋臼前柱通道螺钉、LC-Ⅱ通道螺钉、髋臼后柱通道螺钉、骶髂螺钉、Magic螺钉、经皮髂腰三角固定及经皮髂腰固定等手术方式得以实现, 其手术操作相对简单、系统误差小、空间定位准确、能实现通道螺钉的安全置入。机器人辅助手术的临床应用为优化骨盆髋臼骨折的治疗并促进患者的加速康复提供了有效方案及必要途径;机器人应用水平的不断提高, 为推动骨盆髋臼骨折向智能化、个体化、微创化及精准化的治疗目标迈进创造了有利条件和技术支撑。The development of modern science and technology continues to promote the advancement of surgical methods,the era of surgical surgery led by robots has arrived.Orthopaedic positioning robot is a kind of auxiliary treatment equipment to realize surgical planning by means of spatial mapping of target images.It is composed of movable robotic arm,optical tracking device and surgical planning navigation system.During the operation,the path navigation of surgical instruments can be planned and implemented according to the predetermined procedure,and the precise placement of orthopedic internal fixation can be completed with the participation of the surgeon.It is mainly used in trauma orthopaedics,joint replacement and spine surgery fields.It has clinical advantages such as accurate operation,stable performance and good repeatability.Robot assisted minimally invasive pelvic acetabular fracture surgery is mainly realized by assisted placement of the LC-II screw,sacral iliac screw,iliac lumbar triangular fixation,iliac lumbar fixation,acetabular anterior column screw,acetabular posterior column screw,Magic screw and other osseous fixation pathway screws.It has the advantages of relatively simple operation,small systematic error,accurate spatial positioning and safe screw insertion.The clinical introduction of robot-assisted surgery provides effective solutions and advanced technical supports for optimizing the surgical treatment of pelvic acetabular fractures and promoting the enhanced recovery after surgery.The continuous improvement of the application level of robots has created favorable conditions and technical support for promoting the development of intelligent,individualized,minimally invasive and precise treatment of pelvic and acetabular fractures.

关 键 词：骨盆 髋臼 骨折 机器人手术 

分 类 号：R687.3[医药卫生—骨科学]