共同富裕目标下的农村集体经济组织功能定位与制度变革——基于闲置宅基地盘活利用的实践考察  

The Functional Orientation and Institutional Reform of Rural Collective Economic Organizations under the Goal of Common Prosperity:A Survey on the Utilization of Idle Homesteads

作　　者：惠建利[1] HUI Jian-li(National Security School/School of Politics,Law and Public Administration,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学国家安全学院(政法与公共管理学院),陕西西安710062

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期87-98,共12页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“‘三权分置’背景下农村宅基地利用主体制度创新研究”(21BFX085)。

摘　　要：全体人民共同富裕的关键是农民共同富裕,农村集体经济组织是促进农民共同富裕的重要经济组织。实践探索表明,在中国大多数地区,农村集体经济组织在宅基地“三权分置”等农村改革中定位不清、功能发挥不力,影响农业农村的发展和农民收入的提高,制约了农民共同富裕目标的实现。基于“实践探索+实践反思+制度完善”的研究思路,实现农民共同富裕的研究视角,盘活利用闲置宅基地的实践场域,提出实现农民共同富裕,需着重发挥农村集体经济组织的“造富”与“分富”功能,并将“造富”作为当前阶段的首要任务,强化农村集体经济组织的私法主体身份,赋予其集体土地的管理、处分权能和部分收益权能,构建更加具体的法律制度,完善配套制度,改进相关机制,充分调动其主动性、积极性和责任心,推进乡村振兴,实现农民共同富裕。Rural collective economic organizations are important in promoting the common prosperity of farmers,the key to the common prosperity of all the people.Practice shows that in most parts of China,the vague positioning and ineffective function of such organizations in rural reforms like the“separation of ownership,contract and management”of homesteads affect the development of agriculture and rural areas as well as the improvement of farmers’income,further restricting the realization of their common prosperity.With the research design of“practical exploration,reflection and institutional improvement”,the present paper investigates the approaches to the common prosperity of farmers by utilizing the idle homesteads.It proposes that the common prosperity of farmers is inseparable from giving full play to these organizations’functions of wealth“creating”and“sharing”,with the former as the current top priority.It therefore suggests the identity of the private law subject of these organizations should be strengthened by endowing them the rights of management,disposal and partial income of the collective land.Additionally,their initiative,enthusiasm and sense of responsibility for the rural revitalization and common prosperity of farmers should be promoted by building a more concrete legal system,and improving the supporting system and relevant mechanisms.

关 键 词：农村集体经济组织 共同富裕 乡村振兴 闲置宅基地 宅基地 

分 类 号：F321.32[经济管理—产业经济]