个人信息保护的公益诉讼化研究  

Litigation of Personal Information Protection in Public Interest

作　　者：胡天昊 HU Tianhao(Law School,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200050,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海200050

出　　处：《宜宾学院学报》2023年第10期85-94,共10页Journal of Yibin University

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国民法典》《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》是我国个人信息保护法律体系中最重要、最基本的法律,宜采取类型化的思考方式把握二者之关系定位。针对侵犯个体私益的个人信息侵权行为,除倚靠侵权法救济外,还可以适用包括人格权请求权、禁令请求权等在内的人格权编规范。然大规模的个人信息侵权行为已损害社会公益,这使个人信息保护突破其私权属性,呈现出社会和公共属性。保护模式也从“人格权请求权+侵权请求权”的私益保护演变为“个人信息保护公益诉讼+私益诉讼”协同保护。个人信息保护公益诉讼的起诉条件宜以“侵害社会公共利益”取代“侵害众多个人的权益”,并提升检察机关的起诉资格顺位,以保障个人信息保护公益诉讼救济的通畅性。通过扩大适格被告范围,落实举证责任倒置、惩罚性赔偿等具体配套制度,来保障个人信息保护公益诉讼救济的有效性。The Civil Code and the Personal Information Protection Law are the most important and basic laws in the legal system of personal information protection in China,and it is appropriate to adopt a typological approach to grasp the relationship between the two.In addition to tort law remedies for infringement of personal information that violates the private interests of individuals,the personal rights codification,including the right to claim personality rights and the right to request injunction,can also be applied.However,the massive infringement of personal information has harmed the social public interest,which makes the protection of personal information break through its private property and take on social and public properties.The protection model has also evolved from the private protection of“personality right claim+infringement claim”to the protection of“personal information protection public interest litigation+private interest litigation”.In order to ensure the smooth flow of public interest litigation for personal information protection,the cause of action should be“wide caliber”;the procuratorial authorities should be in the leading position in the subject of litigation;the eligible defendants should not be limited to private subjects such as operators and service providers,but should also include the state administrative organs and other princesses that perform personal information protection duties;the implementation of the reversal of the burden of proof and punitive damages and other specific supporting systems should also be done.

关 键 词：个人信息保护 人格权请求权 公益诉讼 惩罚性赔偿 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]