莎剧《裘力斯·凯撒》中凯撒人格塑造的认知诗学研究  

A Cognitive Poetics Study of Caesar's Personality Characterization in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar

作　　者：周斌 ZHOU Bin

机构地区：[1]外交学院外交学与外事管理系

出　　处：《广东外语外贸大学学报》2023年第6期137-149,共13页Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies

摘　　要：本文用认知语言学范畴化理论“理想认知模式”中“命题型”和“隐喻型”,心理分析人格建构理论“心理防御机制”,及“偏执型人格障碍”特征和标准,研究莎剧《凯撒》中凯撒的人格塑造。以认知世界的相关范畴为对象,通过对人物思维方式的范畴化研究,发现1599年整体文化和莎士比亚主体诉求的协商生成了人格独特的戏剧人物凯撒。剧中凯撒采用类比法和对比法认知世界,习惯将认知工具的普通优点和各种缺点投射给他人,将其独特优点投射给自己。凯撒外在特征复杂,既自负狂妄、心胸狭隘、用人保守,又富有远见、政才卓越、勇敢无畏。其内心活动十分丰富,惯用多种心理防御机制保护自我、常陷入各种宏大幻觉中,极其自卑敏感、畏惧死亡强敌,依赖他人观点情感、厌恶自我年老体弱,担忧时局走向、精神几近崩溃,人格为“狂热型偏执狂”。自卑、焦虑、恐惧和无奈驱使他不断追逐名誉,走向悲剧命运。By using"propositional","metaphoric"and"idealized cognitive models"of categorization theories in cognitive linguistics,and the"defense mechanisms"aand"paranoid personality disorder"features and criteria of personality construct theories in psychoanalysis,this article studies Caesar's personality characterization in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar.After analyzing the relevant categories Caesar uses to recognize the world and studying his ways of categorization,this article discovers that it is the negotiation between the total culture in 1599 and Shakespeare's personal pursuit that produces the drama figure with unique personality.Caesar uses analogy and contrast to recognize the world,and whereas likes mapping the cognitive tools'common merits and flaws to others,he prefers mapping their unique merits to himself.Caesar's outside features are very complex:on the one hand,he is arrogant,narrow-minded,and conservative;on the other hand,he is insightful,talented,and brave.His inner activity is very rich and has"fanatic paranoid"personality:he likes using all kinds of psychological defence mechanisms to protect himself,often falls into delusions of grandeur,has inferior complex,fears death and enemies,depends on others opinions and affects,despises the old and weak self,worries about the harsh political situation,and almost breaks down in spirit.It is inferiority,anxiety,fear,and helplessness that propel Caesar incessantly to pursue fame and go to his tragic end.

关 键 词：莎士比亚 《裘力斯·凯撒》 范畴化 人格塑造 狂热型偏执狂 

分 类 号：H059[语言文字—语言学]