电子商务发展对城市创业活跃度的影响  

The Impact of E-Commerce Development on Entrepreneurial Activity in Cities

作　　者：林伟芬 胡耀 何骏 Lin Weifen;Hu Yao;He Jun

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学财经研究所 [2]湖南大学经济与贸易学院

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2023年第5期82-96,共15页Chinese Journal of Population Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“数字乡村建设促进农民农村共同富裕的作用机理与实现路径研究”(编号:22JCL00074)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：探究中国电子商务发展如何促进创业,具有重要的现实意义。文章基于2006~2019年中国279个地级市的面板数据,以国家电子商务试点城市建设为准自然实验,采用渐进型双重差分法系统考察电子商务发展对城市创业活跃度的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,电子商务发展显著提升了城市的创业活跃度,且主要提升了服务业、低行政级别城市和非资源型城市的创业活跃度。电子商务发展不仅能通过技术集聚和网络基础设施建设引致创业机会效应,提升机会型创业活跃度,也会对传统零售、批发等行业产生就业替代效应,促进生存型创业增长。进一步分析表明,电子商务发展与“两化融合”“三网融合”等政策存在显著的正向联动效应。文章为如何有效发挥电子商务试点政策的促创业效应,完善创业政策体系及促进创新创业型经济发展提供了政策启示。Exploring whether the development of e-commerce in China can promote entrepreneurship is of great practical significance.Based on panel data of 279 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2019,we take the implementation of National E-commerce Demonstration City Policies as a quasi-natural experiment,and adopt the staggered difference-in-differences method to systematically examine the impact of e-commerce development on urban entrepreneurial activity and its underlying mechanisms.The research findings show that(1)e-commerce development has significantly enhanced urban entrepreneurial activity,particularly in the service sector,lower administrative level cities,and non-resource-based cities.(2)The mechanism analysis reveals that e-commerce development primarily generates entrepreneurial opportunities through technological agglomeration and network infrastructure construction,thus boosting opportunity-driven entrepreneurial activities in the regions.Additionally,it drives employment restructuring towards high-tech job positions by substituting traditional retail and wholesale industries,stimulating necessity-driven entrepreneurship.(3)Further analysis demonstrates a significant positive linkage between e-commerce development and other pilot policies,such as the integration of informationization and industrialization,and the network integration of telecommunications,television and the Internet The conclusions of this article provide policy implications for effectively leveraging the entrepreneurial effects of e-commerce pilot policies,improving the policy framework for entrepreneurship,and promoting the development of an innovative and entrepreneurial economy.

关 键 词：电子商务发展 创业活跃度 创业动机 渐进型双重差分法 

分 类 号：F279.2[经济管理—企业管理] F724.6[经济管理—国民经济]