跨国研发下国有企业的最优技术选择策略  

Optimal Technology Adoption Strategy of State-owned Enterprises with International R&D Cooperation

作　　者：叶光亮 王泽荣 汪洋 YE Guang-liang;WANG Ze-rong;WANG Yang(Hainan University;Institute for International Economic Research,Chinese Academy of Macroeconomic Research;China Research Center for Competition Policy)

机构地区：[1]海南大学 [2]中国宏观经济研究院对外经济研究所 [3]海南大学经济学院 [4]中国(海南)竞争政策研究中心

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2023年第8期61-79,共19页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“深化‘放管服’改革与发展软环境研究”(批准号19ZDA110)。

摘　　要：随着技术保护主义与“逆全球化”趋势不断增强,国有企业的技术选择将对本国产业链供应链的稳定性产生重大影响。本文构建了国际混合寡头竞争模型,考察同时存在国内国外技术交易渠道下国有企业的最优技术选择策略。研究发现,国有企业最优技术国产化比重随专利价值的提升而增加。当专利价值较低时,国有企业应当同时使用本国与国外的技术以平衡研发效率与专利使用成本,即“国际分散选择”;当专利价值足够大时,为避免国外企业拒绝授权带来的供应链产业链冲击,国有企业应实现产品技术的完全国产化,即“本土集中选择”。偏离最优技术选择策略,国有企业采用先进技术可能降低整体社会效益,特别是国有企业完全依赖国外技术的选择会降低本国产业链供应链的创新效率与利润水平,损害社会福利。进一步,本文通过比较静态分析发现,在专利价值足够高时,为推动国有企业加快实现选择技术的完全国产化,应在产品市场上鼓励跨国研发企业间竞争以提高整体创新动力,同时在技术交易渠道上鼓励跨国研发企业深度合作以提高整体创新效率。本文揭示了技术市场中国有企业的策略性技术选择的影响机制,为提高产业链供应链韧性提供了新的分析视角与政策启示。With more and more countries turning to conservatism and trade protectionism,it seems to be the toughest time for global cooperation and free trade since the beginning of the 21st century.China is currently suffering from anti-globalization that has negative effects on international R&D cooperation and results in uncertain technology licensing.Meanwhile,"de-risking"policies from traditional trading partners generate great trouble for the stability of China's industrial and supply chains.To deal with this,the Chinese government is investing more in the self-reliance of hightechnology,attempting to strengthen international cooperation and accelerate local substitution in many areas.Since state-owned enterprises(SOEs),which play a pivotal role in the Chinese economy,are encouraged to use more local technologies,we wonder whether there is an optimal strategy for SOEs,and if so,howitaffects social welfare.Based on an international mixed oligopoly model,we explore the optimal technology adoption strategy of SOEs in the case of R&D cooperation between domestic private enterprises and foreign private enterprises.SOEs face a trade-off between innovation efficiency and costs for patent use when deciding the proportion of domestic and foreign technology in its product.We find that when the patent value is low,the optimal strategy for SOEs is to use both domestic and foreign technologies.With the increase in patent value,SOEs should gradually increase the proportion of domestic technology.When the patent value is large enough,the optimal strategy is to use solely domestic technology,while foreign enterprises may refuse to license the technology to SOEs.Compared with the situation in which new technology is not adopted,the optimal technology adoption strategy can always improve social welfare,but the deviation from optimal technology adoption strategy may even reduce welfare.In addition,when the patent value is high enough,further cooperation in the product market between two private firms will reduce the technology localizat

关 键 词：技术选择 国有企业 社会福利 混合寡头竞争模型 

分 类 号：F276[经济管理—企业管理]