论人类增强的三种范式--卡布雷拉的人类增强观及其批判  

On The Three Paradigms of Human Enhancement:Cabrera's View of Human Enhancement and Its Criticism

作　　者：程新宇 杨佳[2] CHENG Xinyu;YANG Jia(Institute for Human Rights Law,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei,430074;School of Philosophy,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei,430074)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学人权法律研究院,湖北武汉430074 [2]华中科技大学哲学学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2023年第10期88-98,共11页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“责任伦理视角下基因编辑问题研究”(项目编号:22BZX092);中央高校基本科研业务费资助(项目编号:2022WKZDJC010);华中科技大学人权法律研究院研究专项课题资助(项目编号:2022WKFZZX009)。

摘　　要：生命伦理学和生命政治学领域关于人类增强的争论常常被归纳为超人类主义和生物保守主义两大阵营之争。而神经伦理学家卡布雷拉却将人类增强的应用范式划分为生物医学范式和超人类主义范式,主张二者在人类增强的目的、应用领域、实施手段等方面各有侧重,人类增强的生物医学范式与超人类主义范式的争锋是从肯定的方面来探讨和解决人类增强问题的主旋律。在此背景下,她提出了第三种可能范式,即社会范式,并主张这是一种看待和应用人类增强技术的新视角,它跨越了两大主流范式的争论框架并弥补了其局限。并且,卡布雷拉还据此对人类增强的三种范式进行了优先性排序。不过,她所提出的人类增强的社会范式在实践可行性、技术基础、优先性依据、概念命名以及对解决相关争议的有效性这五个方面还需进一步地反思和论证,否则不能令人信服。The controversy on human enhancement in Bioethics and Biopolitics usually was divided into two camps of bioconservatism and transhumanism.But Cabrera the neuroethicist thought that there are two kinds of paradigms of human enhancement,the biomedical paradigm and the transhumanist paradigm.Both of them have their own emphasis on the purpose,application field and implementation means of human enhancement.the debate between human enhancement of the biomedical paradigm and human enhancement of the transhumanist paradigm is the main theme to explore and solve the problem of human enhancement from a positive perspective.In this context,Cabrera proposed the third possible paradigm-the social paradigm,and advocated that this is a new perspective for viewing and applying human enhancement technology,which transcends the controversial framework of the two mainstream paradigms and makes up for their limitations.In addition,Cabrera also prioritized the three human enhancement paradigms.However,the social paradigm of human enhancement needs further reflection and justification for its practical feasibility,technical basis,basis of prioritized and the name of the concept,otherwise it is not convincing.

关 键 词：人类增强 生物医学范式 超人类主义范式 社会范式 优先级排序 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]