载人飞船返回舱再入末段实时光电测量评估系统  

Real⁃time Photoelectric Measurement and Evaluation System for End Phase of Reentry of Manned Spacecraft

作　　者：袁红伟 彭育兵 贾鹏 曾强 安学广 YUAN Hongwei;PENG Yubing;JIA Peng;ZEN Qiang;AN Xueguang(China Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center,Jiuquan 732750,China)

机构地区：[1]中国酒泉卫星发射中心,酒泉732750

出　　处：《载人航天》2023年第5期684-692,共9页Manned Spaceflight

摘　　要：针对载人飞船返回舱再入末段(高度20 km以下)缺乏有效测量评估方法的问题,研制了一套基于小型光电经纬仪的测量评估系统。硬件系统由光电指向器、驱动控制机箱、室内操控盒和显控计算机组成,研发了具有系统监控、图像处理、数据传输功能的管理平台软件,实现了在不同跟踪状态下的电路跟踪模型和复杂背景下的小目标智能识别融合算法。系统支持外引导、自跟踪2种模式跟踪返回舱再入末段至落地全过程。使用多站交汇算法获取返回舱降落轨道数据,实现返回舱落地后的快速落点测量,完成神舟十二至神舟十四号载人飞船返回段回收测量任务。结果表明:该系统为返回舱再入末段的轨道测量和状态评估提供了可靠手段,首次实现了返回舱再入末段高清图像的实时拍摄传输,为飞船指挥控制部门提供了科学、直观、准确的评估依据。The measurement and evaluation methods for the reentry of manned spacecraft in the end phase of the landing process(under 20 km)are lacking.To solve this problem,a set of measure-ment and evaluation system based on small photoelectric theodolite was developed.The hardware system including the photoelectric director,the drive control cabinet,the indoor control box and the display and control computer was designed,and the management platform software with integrated system monitoring,image processing and data transmission functions was developed.The fusion al-gorithm of circuit tracking model under different tracking states and the intelligent discrimination of small targets in complex background was realized.The system could support external guidance and self tracking mode to trace the whole process from reentry to landing of the return capsule.Intersec-tion calculation with multiple stations was used to obtain the landing trajectory of the return capsule,and fast measurement of the landing point of the return capsule was realized.The system was used in Shenzhou 12 to 14 missions and the results showed that the system could provide a reliable mean for the trajectory measurement and state evaluation of the reentry module in the end phase of reentry.In addition the real-time high-definition image of the reentry module was obtained for the first time which provided a scientific,intuitive and accurate evaluation data for the command and control cen-ter of the spacecraft.

关 键 词：载人飞船返回舱 再入末段 光电经纬仪 多站交汇 测量评估 

分 类 号：V556[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]