特质正念对语段阅读注意特征的影响:来自动态眼动的证据  

Effects of trait mindfulness on attentional characteristics of paragraph reading:evidence from dynamic eye movements

作　　者：邢辰 朱霞 何玮 叶盛东 苗丹民 XING Chen;ZHU Xia;HE Wei;YE Shengdong;MIAO Danmin(Department of Military Psychology,School of Military Medical Psychology,School of Military Medical Psychology,Air Force Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China;School of Basic Medical Sciences,School of Military Medical Psychology,Air Force Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China;Department of Aerospace Psychology,School of Military Medical Psychology,Air Force Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学军事医学心理学系军事心理学教研室,陕西西安710032 [2]空军军医大学基础医学院,陕西西安710032 [3]空军军医大学军事医学心理学系航空航天心理学教研室,陕西西安710032

出　　处：《空军军医大学学报》2023年第10期948-954,共7页Journal of Air Force Medical University

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2019M653963)。

摘　　要：目的采用眼动追踪技术分析特质正念在语段阅读过程中的注意特征。方法以标准化语段为阅读素材,以内导向认知范式为框架设计基于眼动追踪的语段阅读及自我参照任务。招募大学本科生124人,以正念觉知量表得分划分为高正念组与低正念组后纳入实验。采用动态数据处理方法对相应眼动数据进行分析。结果0~10 s阅读期间的数据显示,特质正念和认知导向显著影响了对不同区域注视比例的变化趋势。具体而言,低正念组表现出0~5 s期间显著的对于语段区域和非语段区域注视比例的波动,而高正念组则在0~10 s期间内保持稳定;在内外不同认知导向条件下,正念水平显著影响了注视特征的差异。结论本研究揭示在阅读早期由特质正念引起的显著的眼动特征,提示正念可能与注意分心的关系。研究同时发现正念与内导向认知的关系,提示正念与内省思维的密切联系。这些结果均说明正念中注意监控成分可以通过眼动特征进行表达。Objective To analyze the attentional characteristics of trait mindfulness in paragraph reading using eye-tracking technology.Methods Standardized paragraphs were utilized as reading materials,and a task combining eye-tracking technology and introspective thinking was designed within the internally directed cognition paradigm.A total of 124 undergraduate students were recruited and divided into high and low mindfulness groups based on their Mindful Attention Awareness Scale scores.Dynamic data processing methods were used to analyze the corresponding eye movement data.Results The data during 010 s reading period revealed that trait mindfulness and cognitive direction significantly influenced the changing trend of the proportion of gaze to different areas.Specifically,the low mindfulness group exhibited significant fluctuations in the proportion of gaze between verbal and nonverbal areas during 05 s,whereas the high mindfulness group maintained stability during 010 s.Furthermore,the level of mindfulness had a significant impact on the differences in gaze characteristics under different cognitive directions.Conclusion This study unveils significant eye movement characteristics caused by trait mindfulness during early reading,suggesting a potential association between mindfulness and attentional distraction.Moreover,a relationship is identified between mindfulness and internally directed cognition,indicating a close connection between mindfulness and introspective thinking.Overall,these findings suggest that the attentional monitoring aspect of mindfulness can be manifested through eye movement characteristics.

关 键 词：特质正念 语段阅读 眼动技术 注意特征 

分 类 号：R749.3[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] B842[医药卫生—临床医学]