《神农本草经》成书考  

Textual Research On Compilation of Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing

作　　者：丁振国 张净秋[1] DING Zhenguo;ZHANG Jingqiu(School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学中医药学院,北京100069

出　　处：《中医药文化》2023年第5期434-452,共19页Chinese Medical Culture

基　　金：四川省社会科学重点研究基地(扩展):“中国出土医学文献与文物研究中心”立项课题(2020C11);北京市中医管理局北京中医药薪火传承“3+3”工程(2020-SZ-D-3);中国中医科学院科技创新工程(CI2021A00201)。

摘　　要：随着出土文献的不断问世,有关古书成书的讨论越发热烈。结合新的理论观点,借助出土与传世文献的综合分析,同时参考前人的研究成果,对《神农本草经》成书过程、文本状貌更为细密的探究成为可能。该书是以早期本草类文书为基础逐渐生成的,这反映出早期药物学知识不断积累的过程。目前所知最早的《本草》古书出现在东汉后期,之后的魏晋南北朝300余年,本草著作蓬勃发展。其间《本草》呈现出相当复杂的局面:其一,书名众多;其二,出现同书异本、同名异书现象;其三,《本草》的整理和研究著作不断涌现。这对于《本草》作为“经”的确立、定本的确定起到了重要作用,南朝梁陶弘景整理的《本草经集注》是其中的一个重要文本。《神农本草经》的成书是一个动态累积的过程,其经典化历程展现出士人对技术类文本所持的一种尴尬态度和折衷处理方式。As discovery of unearthed literature is mounting,there has been an increasingly heated discussion on the compilation of ancient medical books.It is thus possible to explore the precise compiling process and textual forms of Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing(《神农本草经》The Divine Farmer’s Classic of Materia Medica,Ben Cao for short thereafter),based on comprehensive analysis of unearthed and extant literature through referring to new theoretical viewpoints and previous research outcomes.Ben Cao was formed up gradually on the basis of antique herbal documents,reflecting the accumulating process of drug knowledge at the early stage.The earliest known Ben Cao was found in the late Eastern Han Dynasty,ushering in a booming period for herbal works in the following three hundred years of Wei-Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties.During the period,the status of Ben Cao was made complicated:firstly,with a variety of alien book titles;secondly,with the phenomena of one-book in distinct versions and same-titled books referring to different books;thirdly,with the emergence of large number of works on the sorting and researches of Ben Cao,which played a vital role for the determination of Ben Cao to be a classic(“经”Jing)and its definite edition of texts.Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu(《本草经集注》Collective Annotation on the Classic of Materia Medica)sorted by TAO Hongjing of the Southern Dynasty was one of the essential textual editions.The compilation of Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing is a dynamic accumulation process,whose canonization reflects the reluctant attitude and compromising approaches by the literati towards technical medical texts.

关 键 词：《神农本草经》 陶弘景 成书 《汉书·艺文志》 《隋书·经籍志》 书籍史 

分 类 号：R-092[医药卫生]