偏振光测量之理论溯源及数据处理  

Measurement of polarized light:theory source tracing and data processing

作　　者：梁钰林 邢燕霞[1] LIANG Yu-lin;XING Yan-xia(College of Physics,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学物理学院,北京100081

出　　处：《大学物理》2023年第10期31-37,共7页College Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12174023)资助。

摘　　要：偏振光有椭圆偏振、线偏振和圆偏振之分,但偏振实验测得的光强分布并非直线型或椭圆型,所谓“线偏不线,椭偏不椭”.这种直觉和实验的错位,给初涉光学的本科生带来无尽的困扰.本文从偏振的物理本质出发,追溯偏振的基础理论,用偏振的数学表现定义线偏振和椭圆偏振,用严谨的理论推导预测各种偏振的实验指征.最后再从实验数据出发,利用理论公式还原偏振光的线性和椭圆性,通过理论-实验、实验-理论的双循环模式构建理论和实验互通的桥梁.polarized light can be categorized as linearly,circularly and elliptically polarized light,but the distribution of light intensity obtained in experiment is not in linear or elliptic shape,which is the so-called“linearly polarized light not linear,elliptically polarized light not elliptic”.The mismatch of intuition and experiment keeps bothering college students on the starting line of learning optics.Starting from physical essence of polarization in this article,the basic theory of polarization is traced while the linearly polarized light and elliptically polarized light are defined by mathematical performance of polarization.Then,experimental features of all kinds of polarized light is predicted by rigorous theoretical derivation.At last,by using experimental data,the nature of the polarized light,linearly polarized or elliptically polarized,can be theorical reduced.From theory to experiment and then from experiment to theory,a bridge between theory and experiment is constructed.

关 键 词：偏振光 光矢量 光强 能量守恒 

分 类 号：O436.3[机械工程—光学工程]