康德的“道德形而上学”及其现代效应与意义理解  

Kant’s “Moral Metaphysics” and Its Modern Effects and Significance

作　　者：张能为[1] ZHANG Nengwei

机构地区：[1]安徽大学哲学学院

出　　处：《哲学分析》2023年第5期68-89,197,198,共24页Philosophical Analysis

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“《伽达默尔著作集》第10卷解释学与实践哲学新研究”(项目编号:22BZX095)的阶段成果。

摘　　要：形而上学是哲学的核心性问题。康德对传统形而上学的批判与形而上学的重建“唤回了哲学的自信”,在古典哲学与现代哲学之间架起了一座“行得通”的思想桥梁,尤其是其对道德形而上学的思考在现代人本主义哲学中产生了深远的方向性与话语方式影响。随着康德对形而上学作为一种认知性的独断论思考的终结,形而上学转向了非知识性的纯粹理性原则、道德原理的普遍意义思考,这种思考基于否定性的、先验性的方法,不再诉求于体系化的、证明性的科学知识理解,而是“消极性地”呈现出非体系性、非理性化的和隐秘性的新认识、新发展。传统形而上学受到了批判,但以道德形而上学为例,形而上学没有终结,正是在通过康德延展至现代人本主义思想的发展中,古老的形而上学开辟出了不同的思想道路,展现出了当代新发展的意义理解空间与未来可能。Metaphysics is the core issue of philosophy.Kant’s criticism and reconstruction of metaphysics has built a“workable”ideological bridge between ancient philosophy and modern philosophy,especially its thinkingon moral metaphysics has had a profound impact on the metaphysics of modern humanistic philosophy.With theend of Kant’s dogmatic thinking of metaphysics as a kind of epistemology,metaphysics has turned to the thinkingof universal significance of human purposes and values that are not epistemology.This thinking is based on thecombination of negative and transcendental methods,and it no longer appeals to the systematic and demonstrativeunderstanding of scientific knowledge,but presents a new understanding and development that is not systematic,irrational and mysterious.Traditional metaphysics has been criticized,but taking moral metaphysics as an example,metaphysics has not come to an end.Instead,it has been extended to the development of modern humanisticthought through Kant.Ancient metaphysics has opened up different ideological paths and demonstrated a newunderstanding space and future possibilities for its contemporary development.

关 键 词：康德 道德形而上学 现代效应 意义理解 

分 类 号：B516[哲学宗教—外国哲学]