马赫与民国时期中国学人的科学论(下)  

Mach and the Scientific Theory of Chinese Scholars During the Republic of China(Part 2)

作　　者：李醒民[1] LI Xingmin

机构地区：[1]中国科学院《自然辩证法通讯》杂志社

出　　处：《哲学分析》2023年第5期142-154,199,共14页Philosophical Analysis

摘　　要：马赫的科学批判、思维经济、因果性思想对民国学人很有影响。此外,他在科学摹写或科学描述方面也影响到民国学界。尤其是,民国学人对马赫哲学见仁见智、莫衷一是——现象论、实用主义、实证论或经验论、新实在论以至唯心论。其实,马赫的主导哲学是感觉经验论或要素一元论,尽管也含有其他成分,包括民国学人没有怎么提及的理性论和约定论,但决不是什么唯心论或观念论,本文对有关误解和曲解作了必要的辩驳和澄清。遗憾的是,民国学人对马赫没有全局性、整体性的研究,也没有针对某一专门论题的透彻分析,仅有一些局部的、零散的介绍或评论;对马赫丰富多彩的科学论贡献、斑驳陆离的思想风貌、特立独行的精神气质和古道热肠的人文情怀,也缺乏关照和领悟。Mach’s scientific criticisms,economic principles of thinking and causal thoughts were veryinfluential on scholars in the Republic of China.Moreover,he also made great achievements in scientific copyingor scientific description.However,scholars in the Republic of China have different opinions on the positioningof Mach’s philosophy-they say it is phenomenalism,pragmatism,positivism or empiricism,new realism or evenidealism.In fact,the main body of Mach’s philosophy is sensory empiricism or element monism.Althoughit also contains other elements,including rationalism and conventionalism that were not mentioned much bycontemporary scholars,it is by no means idealism or conceptualism.Scholars in the Republic of China did notconduct a comprehensive study on Mach,nor did they conduct a thorough analysis of a specific topic.Theyonly had some scattered introductions or comments;they did not pay attention to Mach’s colorful scientific contributions,variegated ideological style,and maverick spirit.His temperament and humanistic sentiments alsolack care and understanding.

关 键 词：马赫 批判学派 民国学人 科学论 科学描述 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]