基于尺寸和自由形状联合优化技术的叉车货架轻量化设计  

Lightweight design of forklift shelf based on the joint optimization echnology of size and free-shape

作　　者：汪存喜 梅标 杨永泰 WANG Cunxi;MEI Biao;YANG Yongtai(School of Advanced Manufacturing,Fuzhou University,Jinjiang 362200,China;Quanzhou Institute of Equipment Manufacturing,Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Jinjiang 362200,China;University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学先进制造学院,晋江362200 [2]中国科学院海西研究院泉州装备制造研究中心,晋江362200 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《现代制造工程》2023年第10期86-93,共8页Modern Manufacturing Engineering

基　　金：福建省科技厅STS计划配套项目(2022T3050);福厦泉国家自主创新示范区协同创新平台专项项目(2020FX01)。

摘　　要：降低车辆碳排放是实现碳达峰和碳中和的重要任务,轻量化设计是实现这一目标的关键技术手段。为了减少典型工程机械叉车的CO_(2)排放量,原创性地将尺寸优化和自由形状优化技术进行融合,提出一种面向高维设计空间的叉车货架轻量化设计。建立叉车货架有限元仿真模型,通过静力学分析得到应力和位移数值,并将其作为联合优化过程中应力和位移约束条件的设置基准;采用基于试验设计的灵敏度分析方法,研究叉车货架质量、位移和应力等试验指标对各设计变量变化的影响;结合所提出的联合优化模型与灵敏度分析,构建设计变量的高维设计空间,综合应力和位移约束,进行叉车货架轻量化设计。优化结果表明,与常用的逐步优化技术相比,尺寸和自由形状联合优化技术具有更大的优化求解空间,同时可以以更小的刚度和强度性能损失,实现更优的轻量化效果。Reducing vehicle carbon emissions is an important task to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.Lightweight design is one key technological tactic to realize this goal.To reduce the CO_(2) emissions of forklifts as the typical engineering machinery,a lightweight design method considering high-dimensional design space,which integrates size optimization and free-shape optimization originally,is proposed for the forklift rack design.The finite element simulation model of the forklift rack is built.And the stress and displacement,which are used as the datum to set stress and displacement constraints in the joint optimization process,are obtained with the static analysis.The sensitivity analysis method based on the design of experiment is applied to study the effect of the forklift rack′s mass,displacement,and stress on the changes in various design variables.The high-dimensional design space of the design variables is built based on the joint optimization model and sensitivity analysis.Based on this,and lightweight design integrating stress and displacement constraints of forklift racks is carried out.The optimization results show that the joint optimization of size and free shape has a larger optimization solution space and can achieve better lightweight with less losses of stiffness and strength performances,compared with the commonly used gradual optimization technique.

关 键 词：叉车货架 有限元分析 联合优化 灵敏度分析 试验设计 轻量化 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论]