差异/延异:生产性文学批评的解构策略  

Difference/Differance:A Deconstructive Strategy of Productive Literary Criticism

作　　者：姚文放[1] Yao Wenfang

机构地区：[1]扬州大学文学院,扬州225002

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期25-36,221,共13页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“作为‘艺术生产’的文学批评研究”(17ZDA271)。

摘　　要：德里达解构策略的提出,其矛头指向逻各斯中心主义。德里达从文字学出发,对于传统语言学的痼疾提出质疑,从而解构建立在语言学之上的逻各斯中心主义。以文字学颠覆语言学,这是德里达解构主义的基本策略。德里达发动的这场解构运动属于一种哲学变革,进而推动了其文学批评的后现代转折。“差异”在语言学中是一个重要的概念,它被认为是语言学价值的根源,而语词和概念只有在差异系列中才能获得意义。“延异”是德里达的生造词,它保留了“差异”一词中区分、区别的意思,但又赋予它延迟、延缓的内涵。因此该词能够同时表达时空两重意义上的“差异”。它在有限的符号系统中展开无限的差异游戏,本身就是繁衍性、增殖性的,这就触及了它的一个重要特性:生产性。德里达确认,所有的文学修辞最终都是解构的,历史永无尽期、语境永在流转,而解构批评也总是生生不息、日新其德的。正是在生产性文学批评中,在历史上精华所凝的经典之作才有可能持续被解读且在解读中绽放出永不枯竭的新意。Jacques Derrida's deconstructive strategyy aims at the so-called logocentrism:Starting from grammatology,Derrida questioned the macronosia of traditional linguistics so as to deconstruct logocentrism based on linguistics.To subvert linguistics with grammatology is the fundamental strategy of Derrida's deconstruction.The deconstructive movement initiated by Derrida is a kind of philosophical reform,which promotes the postmodern turn in literary criticism."Difference"is an important concept in linguistics,which is considered as the root of linguistic value,while words and concepts can only acquire meaning in difference series."Différance",a word coined by Derrida,retains the meaning of distinction in the word"difference"but endows it with the connotation of delay so that the word could simultaneously express the"difference"in the two senses of time and space.Derrida affrmed that all literary rhetoric is ultimately deconstructive.That is to say,history never ends and context never ceases to flow so that the deconstructive criticism is always growing and renewing itself.It is in the productive literary criticism that the classic works,which are the essence of history,can be continuously interpreted and generates the inexhaustible new meaning in the process of interpretation.

关 键 词：差异 延异 生产性文学批评 解构 策略 德里达 索绪尔 

分 类 号：I06[文学—文学理论]