从文明遗产中寻求国家认同:考古发掘与中东民族国家构建  

Seeking Nation Identity from Civilization Heritage:Archaeological Excavations and Nation-state Building in Middle Eastern Countries

作　　者：艾仁贵[1,2] Ai Rengui

机构地区：[1]河南大学区域与国别研究院 [2]河南大学以色列研究中心

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2023年第5期22-49,157,共29页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：河南省高校哲学社会科学创新人才支持计划资助项目(2022-CXRC-21)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1798年拿破仑入侵埃及,揭开了中东地区考古发掘的序幕。此后,法国、英国、德国和美国等西方国家先后组织庞大的考古工作队,对该地区的古代文明遗迹进行发掘,将大批珍贵文物带走并收藏在各自国家的博物馆。第一次世界大战后,中东国家的民族意识逐步觉醒,纷纷发起民族主义考古活动,开展自主考古发掘、培养本土考古人才、限制本国文物外运。在中东国家争取民族独立和解放的关键时期,考古发掘发挥着借助古老的过去连结当下国家身份的手段。在考古发掘参与民族国家构建方面,埃及、伊拉克、以色列这3个具有丰厚文明遗产的中东国家尤为显著,古代文明遗产成为现代国家认同的“根基性想象”,从而折射出中东民族国家构建的返古主义特征。Napoleon's invasion of Egypt in 1798 marked the beginning of archaeological excavations in the Middle East.Since then,Western colonists such as France,Britain,Germany and the United States have successively organized huge archaeological teams to excavate the ancient civilization relics in the region and bring back a large number of precious cultural relics to their museums.After the First World War,national consciousness of the Middle East countries gradually awakened,and they launched nationalist archaeological activities one after another.They carried out independent archaeological excavations,trained local archaeological talents,and restricted the export of their cultural relics.This period was also a critical period for the Middle East countries to strive for national independence and liberation.Archaeological excavation served as a means to connect the current national identity with the ancient past.In the aspect of archaeological excavation participating in the process of nation-state building,Egypt,Iraq and Israel,these three Middle East countries with rich cultural heritage,are particularly prominent.The ancient cultural heritage has become the “fundamental imagination”of modern nation identity,thus reflecting the characteristics of antiquarianism in the nation-building in the Middle East.

关 键 词：中东民族国家构建 国家认同 考古发掘 文明遗产 返古主义 

分 类 号：D06[政治法律—政治学] K86[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]