评法国“文明使命”论对阿尔及利亚民族国家构建的影响  

On the Influence of French so Called “Civilizing Mission” on the Algerian Nation-state Building

作　　者：张玉友 张娟娟[2] Zhang Yuyou;Zhang Juanjuan

机构地区：[1]西北大学中东研究所 [2]兰州大学“一带一路”研究中心

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2023年第5期50-73,157,158,共26页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“新编中东国家通史(多卷本)”(LSYD21021)的中期成果。

摘　　要：“文明使命”是欧洲殖民帝国广泛推行的一项殖民理论、话语和意识形态,是除了军事征服和政治统治之外的一套殖民手段和道德修辞。19世纪,法国通过塑造殖民者与被殖民者之间“文明”与“野蛮”、“先进”与“落后”的二元对立关系,对阿尔及利亚的语言文化、宗教信仰、族际关系、教育模式和政治制度实施了全面的所谓“文明化”改造。“文明使命”的推行不仅打破了阿尔及利亚传统的经济形态和社会结构,也给土著居民套上了沉重的思想枷锁。独立后,阿尔及利亚在民族国家构建过程中,通过政治制度、意识形态、民族文化和民族认同等多个维度试图祛除“文明使命”的烙印,摆脱对法国文明的崇拜和心理依赖、宣传民族文化、强化民族认同感和凝聚力。然而,从长时段历史视角看,法国文明观念及其主导下的“文明使命”印记并没有随着殖民体系的解体而消除,而是长期阻碍着阿尔及利亚民族国家的政治文化建设、社会价值观念和民族共同体构建。鉴此,阿尔及利亚民族国家需要破除文化殖民主义体系的桎梏,重塑自身民族文化的自信、自觉与自为。“Civilizing Mission” is a colonial theory,discourse and ideology widely implemented by European colonial empires,and a set of colonial means and moral rhetoric in addition to military conquest and political domination.In the 19~(th) century,France carried out a comprehensive “civilized” transformation of Algeria's language and culture,religious belief,inter-ethnic relations,educational model and political system by shaping the dualistic opposition relations between the colonizers and the colonized,namely “civilization” and “barbarism”,“advanced” and “backward”.The implementation of “civilization mission” not only broke the traditional economic form and social structure of Algeria,but also put heavy ideological shackles on the indigenous people.After independence,Algeria immediately launched the decolonization movement to remove the brand of “civilizing mission” from multiple dimensions such as political system,ideology,national culture and national identity,trying to get rid of the worship and psychological dependence on French civilization,promote national culture,and strengthen national identity and cohesion.However,from a long-term historical perspective,“civilizing mission”led by France has not been eliminated with the disintegration of the colonial system,but has hindered the political and cultural construction,social values and national community construction of the Algerian nation state for a long time.As result,Algeria needs to break the shackles of cultural colonialism system and rebuild its self-confidence,consciousness and self-reliance of national culture.

关 键 词：民族国家构建 阿尔及利亚 “文明使命” 非殖民化 文明自觉 文化自信 

分 类 号：D741.5[政治法律—政治学] D756.5[政治法律—中外政治制度] K565.4[历史地理—历史学] K415.4[历史地理—世界史]