河口微生物污染溯源及其氮循环微生物的响应研究  

Microbial source tracking in the estuary and the response of nitrogen-cycling microorganisms

作　　者：王曾睿 吴永洁 吴仁人 张杨 李开明 钟义 方继敏[1] WANG Zengrui;WU Yongjie;WU Renren;ZHANG Yang;LI Kaiming;ZHONG Yi;FANG Jimin(School of Resources and Environment Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430064;South China Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou 510655)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院,武汉430064 [2]生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,广州510655

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2023年第10期382-395,共14页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项重点专项项目(No.PM-zx703-202104-128);广东省自然科学基金资助项目(No.2020A1515011109);广州市科技计划项目(No.202002030377)。

摘　　要：在全球河口氮污染严峻的形势下,关于河口污染来源及其对氮循环微生物影响机理尚不明确.本研究以广东省江门市镇海湾河口为研究区域,采用高通量测序技术,解析不同季节污染源对河口污染的相对贡献,表征河口氮循环微生物群落的生态学特征,探究氮循环微生物与环境因子的关系,并揭示其对不同污染源输入的响应规律.结果表明:(1)在镇海湾河口已知污染来源中,畜禽养殖污染(夏季vs冬季:16.24%vs 37.75%)是河口最大污染来源,其次是沉积物(夏季vs冬季:16.20%vs 26.01%);夏季未知污染来源(51.28%)显著高于冬季(11.03%).(2)反硝化菌主要优势属为贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),固氮菌主要优势属为脱硫单胞菌属(Desulfuromonas)、慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)等,氨氧化菌主要优势属为亚硝化螺菌属(Nitrosospira)和亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas);氨氧化菌在反硝化菌、固氮菌和氨氧化菌中α多样性最低(3)T、SAL、pH、TP和TOC是镇海湾河口反硝化、固氮和氨氧化细菌群落共同驱动因素,同时NO_(3)^(-)也是固氮菌群落的驱动因素.(4)镇海湾河口不同污染源输入对反硝化菌、固氮菌与氨氧化菌群落的影响存在较大差异,如反硝化菌群落多样性与沉积物、畜禽养殖污染呈正相关,而与农业、生活污染呈负相关;氨氧化菌群落多样性与农业、生活污染呈正相关,而与畜禽养殖污染呈负相关.本研究的开展深化了对河口污染源输入与氮循环微生物关系的认识,拟为河口富营养化水体的治理对策提供科学依据.In light of the severe global situation of nitrogen pollution in estuaries,there is a pressing need for a better understanding of pollution sources of the estuary and their impact on the nitrogen-cycling microorganisms.In this study,the estuary of Zhenhai Bay,Jiangmen City,Guangdong Province,was used as the study area.We used high-throughput sequencing technology to resolve the relative contribution of different seasonal pollution sources to estuarine pollution.Additionally,the ecological characteristics of the estuarine nitrogen-cycling microbial community were characterized,and the relationship between estuarine nitrogen-cycling microorganisms and environmental factors was explored.The response pattern of nitrogen-cycling microorganisms to different pollution sources were also investigated.The results showed that:①Among the known sources of pollution in the Zhenhai Bay estuary,livestock(summer vs winter:16.24%vs 37.75%)was the largest source of pollution,followed by sediment(summer vs winter:16.20%vs 26.01%).Unknown sources were significantly higher in summer(51.28%)than in winter(11.03%).②The main dominant genera of denitrifying bacteria were Cupriavidus and Pseudomonas,nitrogen-fixing bacteria were Desulfuromonas,Bradyrhizobium,etc.,and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas.Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria had the lowest alpha diversity among three gorups③Environmental factors such as temperature(T),salinity(SAL),pH,total phosphorus(TP),and total organic carbon(TOC)were common drivers of denitrifying bacteria,nitrogenfixing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the Zhenhai Bay.NO3-was also a driver for nitrogen-fixing bacteria.④The effects of different pollution sources on denitrifying,nitrogen-fixing and ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities in the Zhenhai Bay varied considerably,e.g.denitrifying bacteria was positively correlated with sediment and livestock,but negatively correlated with agriculture and domestic sources.On the other hand,ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were posit

关 键 词：河口 高通量测序 污染源 氮循环微生物 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]