“思想”概念在日本的诞生与发展考略  

A Study on the Birth and Development of the Concept of“Thought”in Japan

作　　者：林美茂[1] Lin Meimao(School of Philosophy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期83-92,共10页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：中国人民大学科研基金重大项目“关于明治学界‘中国哲学史’建构范式及其演变研究”(项目编号:20XNL020)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“思想”作为学界的常用概念,其适用范围超过“哲学”,但这一概念如何诞生迄今为止无人深究。“思想”一词在我国古代早已存在,但那只是表达“想”“思念”“思忖”等含义的普通单词,而近代明治学界则将其作为具有近代意义的重要学术概念使用并传播。“思想”一词最初是中村正直翻译密尔《论自由》(1872)时作为“Thought”的译语出现,却被福泽谕吉《文明论之概略》以非译语的形式使用,随着“明六社”的影响很快得以传播,逐渐成为比“哲学”更为宽泛的学术概念,被人们广泛运用于阐述各种观点之学术甚至非学术领域。然而,由于学界对“思想”与“哲学”的区别认识模糊,出现了将二词混淆使用的现象。在20世纪30年代中叶以后,日本学界不得不把近代前后的学术史进行“思想史”与“哲学史”的领域区分,以简单的解决方案回避对二者区别认识的探究。As a commonly-used concept in the academia,“thought”(思想)is more applicable than“philosophy”(哲学).However,no one has so far studied how this concept came into being.In fact,the word“思想”(thought)has long existed since ancient times in China,which is just a common word to express the meaning related to such words as“想”(think),“思念”(long for)and“思忖”(consider).However,the modern Meiji(明治)academic circles in Japan used and spread“thought”as an important academic concept with modern significance.At first,it was used by Nakamura Masanao(中村正直)as a translated word when he translated John Stuart Mill’s(约翰·斯图亚特·密尔)On Freedom(《论自由》)in 1872.Later,it was adopted by Fukuzawa Yukichi(福泽谕吉)as a non-translated word in An Outline of a Theory of Civilization(《文明论之概略》)in 1875,which was quickly accepted by the Meiji academic community and widely used in academic and even non-academic fields to elaborate various ideas.Nonetheless,because of the vague understanding of the difference between“thought”and“philosophy”in the academia,there existed a phenomenon of confusing the use of the two words.After the mid-1930s,the Japanese academic circles had to distinguish the academic history before and after modern times into the fields of“history of thought”and“history of philosophy”,using simple solutions to avoid the exploration of the difference between the two.

关 键 词：思想 哲学 明六社 中村正直 福泽谕吉 近代问题 

分 类 号：B313[哲学宗教—外国哲学]