苏州湿地利用保护历史与人类生存及城市发展  

History of Wetland Utilization and Protection,and Human Survival and Urban Development in Suzhou

作　　者：王国祥 冯育青[2] 王尉 刘淦 王意可 陈威 郭清春 宋朝 杨浩然 张新厚 李继影 刘金娥 WANG Guo-xiang;FENG Yu-qing;WANG Wei;LIU Gan;WANG Yi-ke;CHEN Wei;GUO Qing-chun;SONG Chao;YANG Hao-ran;ZHANG Xin-hou;LI Ji-ying;LIU Jin-e(School of Environment,Nanjing Normal University,Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application,Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China;Suzhou Wetland Conservation and Management Station,Suzhou 215006,Jiangsu,China;Suzhou Environmental Monitoring Center,Suzhou 215004,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学环境学院,江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,江苏省水土环境生态修复工程实验室,江苏南京210023 [2]苏州市湿地保护管理站,江苏苏州215006 [3]江苏省苏州环境监测中心,江苏苏州215004

出　　处：《湿地科学与管理》2023年第5期15-19,33,共6页Wetland Science & Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“富营养化浅水湖泊沉水植物对水位波动的响应机制(41971043)”资助。

摘　　要：为更好地了解苏州湿地利用和保护与人类生存、城市发展的历史过程,梳理了考古及史学研究等相关成果。苏州城经过两千多年建设与发展,以水为灵魂,从渔猎稻作、桑基鱼塘,到围湖造田,从相土尝水、小桥流水人家,到现代化国际湿地城市,湿地始终在呵护城市的发展。苏州湿地饱经过度围垦、掠夺式开发之后,自清朝康熙五十二年,设立界桩,禁止围垦;近年来,在生态文明、和谐发展新理念的引领下,通过实施退田还湿、退渔还湖,修复湿地,建设湿地公园,划定湿地保护小区,保护自然湿地,苏州正在向世界展现生态优美、经济发达、和谐发展的国际湿地城市之雄姿。In order to deepen the understanding of the historical process of wetland utilization and protection,human survival and urban development in Suzhou,a review of archaeological and historical studies was conducted.Over 2000 years of construction and development,Suzhou City has been transformed from a town featured with water as the soul,full of fishing and rice cultivation,landscapes of mulberry gardens,fish farming ponds,lake reclamation for farmland,river bridges and houses into a modern international wetland city.During this period the wetlands have always been nurturing the development of the city.Boundary fences were established to prohibit lake reclamation since the 52nd year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty after the wetlands were over-reclaimed and exploited in a predatory manner.Suzhou's wetlands have been protected under the guidance of new concepts of ecological civilization and harmonious development in recent years through measures such as returning farmland to wetlands and returning fish farming ponds to lakes,restoring wetlands,building wetland parks,designating wetland protection areas,and protecting natural wetlands.Today,Suzhou is showing the world its fine ecology,developed economy,and harmonious development as an international wetland city.

关 键 词：湿地 保护与利用 人类生存 城市发展 历史过程 苏州 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]